Budiarti Retno, Kuntaman Kuntaman, Suryokusumo Guritno, Khairunisa Siti Qamariyah
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Department of Hyperbaric, Faculty of Medicine, Pembangunan Nasional University, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Afr J Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 31;14(2):53-59. doi: 10.21010/ajid.v14i2.9. eCollection 2020.
A decrease in the number of viruses or viral nucleic acid components will determine whether a therapy successfully eradicates the virus. Sensitivity and specificity are needed to enable easy, precise and efficient diagnosis and evaluation of therapy. This study examined the sensitivity of quantitative PCR (qPCR) for detecting viral nucleic acids as compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) p24 antigen after hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy whole blood and inoculated HIV-1/MT4 virus in PBMC cultures were isolated. The cultures were exposed to hyperbaric oxygen at 2.4 ATA with 100% O for 3 × 30 minutes for 5 days. ELISA and qPCR were used to measure the p24 antigen and HIV-1 mRNA, respectively, in the treatment and control groups.
The amounts of p24 antigen and HIV-1 mRNA were significantly different (p = 0.001, p < α). The two examination methods were significantly different. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can reduce virus numbers, as observed from the p24 antigen and HIV-1 mRNA levels. The treatment group had significantly lower virus numbers than the control group. HIV-1 mRNA detection is more sensitive than p24 antigen detection.
Both qPCR and ELISA have their advantages, depending on whether the goal is to establish, diagnose or monitor antiretroviral therapy or to evaluate disease progression.
病毒数量或病毒核酸成分的减少将决定一种治疗方法是否能成功根除病毒。需要灵敏度和特异性来实现对治疗的轻松、精确和高效诊断与评估。本研究比较了高压氧治疗后，定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）检测病毒核酸的灵敏度与酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）p24抗原的灵敏度。
在本研究中，从健康全血中分离出外周血单个核细胞（PBMC），并在PBMC培养物中接种HIV-1/MT4病毒。将培养物置于2.4个绝对大气压（ATA）、100%氧气环境下，进行3次每次30分钟的高压氧暴露，共5天。分别用ELISA和qPCR检测治疗组和对照组中的p24抗原和HIV-1 mRNA。
p24抗原和HIV-1 mRNA的含量有显著差异（p = 0.001，p < α）。两种检测方法有显著差异。从p24抗原和HIV-1 mRNA水平可观察到，高压氧治疗可减少病毒数量。治疗组的病毒数量显著低于对照组。HIV-1 mRNA检测比p24抗原检测更灵敏。
qPCR和ELISA都有各自的优势，这取决于目标是建立、诊断或监测抗逆转录病毒治疗，还是评估疾病进展。
