埃塞俄比亚家庭获得改良饮用水源和卫生设施的情况：基于 2016 年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查的多层次分析。
Households access to improved drinking water sources and toilet facilities in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis based on 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey.
机构信息
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P. O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P. O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2021 Mar 18;11(3):e042071. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042071.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to assess households access to improved drinking water sources and sanitation facilities and their associated factors in Ethiopia.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
SETTING
Ethiopia.
PARTICIPANTS
Household heads.
PRIMARY OUTCOMES
Access to improved drinking water sources and toilet facilities.
METHODS
We conducted an in-depth secondary data analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Data from a total of 16 650 households and 645 clusters were included in the analysis. The households were selected using a stratified two-stage cluster sampling technique. Multilevel binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with access to an improved drinking water source and toilet facilities. Adjusted OR with a 95% CI was reported with p value <0.05 was used to declare a significant association between the covariates and the outcome variables.
RESULTS
The proportions of households' access to improved sources of drinking water and toilet facilities were 69.94% (95% CI: 69.23% to 70.63%) and 25.36% (95% CI: 24.69% to 26.03%), respectively. Households headed by women and households with a better wealth index were positively associated with access to improved drinking water sources. Whereas rural households, ≥30 min round trip to obtain drinking water and region were factors negatively associated with households access to improved drinking water sources. A higher probability of having access to improved toilet facilities: households with heads who had attained higher education, households having better access to improved sources of drinking water and households with better wealth index. While the following households were less likely to have access to improved toilet facilities: households with heads were widowed, households with four to six members, rural households and region.
CONCLUSION
The study found that the proportions of households' access to improved drinking water sources and toilet facilities in Ethiopia were relatively low, which demands the need to tailor strategies to increase the coverage of access to improved drinking water sources and toilet facilities.
目的
本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚家庭获得改良饮用水源和卫生设施的情况及其相关因素。
设计
横断面研究。
地点
埃塞俄比亚。
参与者
家庭户主。
主要结局
获得改良饮用水源和厕所设施的情况。
方法
我们对 2016 年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查进行了深入的二次数据分析。共纳入了 16650 户家庭和 645 个簇的数据。家庭采用分层两阶段聚类抽样技术进行选择。采用多水平二项逻辑回归分析来确定与获得改良饮用水源和厕所设施相关的因素。报告了调整后的比值比（OR）及其 95%置信区间（CI），p 值<0.05 表示协变量与结局变量之间存在显著关联。
结果
家庭获得改良饮用水源和厕所设施的比例分别为 69.94%（95%CI：69.23%至 70.63%）和 25.36%（95%CI：24.69%至 26.03%）。女性户主和财富指数较高的家庭与获得改良饮用水源呈正相关。而农村家庭、获取饮用水往返时间≥30 分钟以及地区是与家庭获得改良饮用水源呈负相关的因素。获得改良厕所设施的可能性更高的家庭是：户主受过高等教育、家庭有更好的改良饮用水源获取途径和家庭财富指数较高的家庭。而以下家庭获得改良厕所设施的可能性较低：户主丧偶、家庭有 4 至 6 名成员、农村家庭和地区。
结论
研究发现，埃塞俄比亚家庭获得改良饮用水源和厕所设施的比例相对较低，需要制定策略来提高获得改良饮用水源和厕所设施的覆盖率。
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