Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2021 Apr 22;16(4):e0249322. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249322. eCollection 2021.
Feline diabetes mellitus shares many features with type 2 diabetes in people, regarding clinical presentation, physiology, and pathology. A breed predisposition for type 2 diabetes has been identified, with the Burmese breed at a fivefold increased risk of developing the condition compared to other purebred cats. We aimed to characterize the serum metabolome in cats (n = 63) using nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics, and to compare the metabolite pattern of Burmese cats with that of two cat breeds of medium or low risk of diabetes, the Maine coon (MCO) and Birman cat, respectively. Serum concentrations of adiponectin, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 were also measured (n = 94). Burmese cats had higher insulin and lower adiponectin concentrations than MCO cats. Twenty one metabolites were discriminative between breeds using a multivariate statistical approach and 15 remained significant after adjustment for body weight and body condition score. Burmese cats had higher plasma levels of 2-hydroxybutyrate relative to MCO and Birman cats and increased concentrations of 2-oxoisocaproic acid, and tyrosine, and lower concentrations of dimethylglycine relative to MCO cats. The metabolic profile of MCO cats was characterized by high concentrations of arginine, asparagine, methionine, succinic acid and low levels of acetylcarnitine while Birman cats had the highest creatinine and the lowest taurine plasma levels, compared with MCO and Burmese. The pattern of metabolites in Burmese cats is similar to that in people with insulin resistance. In conclusion, the metabolic profile differed between healthy cats of three breeds. Detection of an abnormal metabolome might identify cats at risk of developing diabetes.
猫糖尿病与人类 2 型糖尿病在临床表现、生理学和病理学方面有许多共同特征。已经确定了 2 型糖尿病的品种易感性，与其他纯种猫相比，缅甸猫患该病的风险增加了五倍。我们旨在使用核磁共振代谢组学来描述猫（n = 63）的血清代谢组，并比较缅甸猫、缅因猫和伯曼猫的代谢模式，这两种猫分别为糖尿病中或低风险品种。还测量了血清中脂联素、胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子-1 的浓度（n = 94）。与缅因猫相比，缅甸猫的胰岛素和脂联素浓度更高。使用多变量统计方法，有 21 种代谢物可区分品种，调整体重和体况评分后，有 15 种代谢物仍具有显著性差异。与缅因猫和伯曼猫相比，缅甸猫的 2-羟丁酸血浆水平更高，2-氧异己酸和酪氨酸的浓度增加，而二甲基甘氨酸的浓度降低。缅因猫的代谢特征是精氨酸、天冬酰胺、蛋氨酸、琥珀酸浓度高，乙酰肉碱水平低，而与缅因猫和缅甸猫相比，伯曼猫的肌酸和牛磺酸水平最高，而牛磺酸水平最低。缅甸猫的代谢模式与胰岛素抵抗的人类相似。总之，三种健康品种猫的代谢模式存在差异。检测异常代谢组可能会识别出有患糖尿病风险的猫。
