Rodger Amy, Wehbe Lara H, Papies Esther K
School of Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, UK.
School of Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, UK.
Appetite. 2021 Sep 1;164:105249. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105249. Epub 2021 Apr 19.
Water drinking behaviour is under-researched despite the prevalence and adverse health consequences of underhydration. We conducted a qualitative exploration into the motivational processes underlying water drinking, informed by a grounded cognition perspective on desire and motivated behaviour. We interviewed and analysed data from 60 participants stratified by age, gender, and education level using thematic analysis, to generate three key themes. "Water as situated habits," suggests that participants form and maintain situated water drinking habits, so that within certain situations they regularly drink water. However, participants who situated their water intake only in one key situation (e.g., work routine), had low and inconsistent intake when they left this situation. Some situations happened so infrequently during the day (e.g., before bed) that participants' daily water intake was low. Many participants reported drinking water in reaction to thirst cues, but these were easily suppressed or ignored, so that water drinking was inconsistent. Participants who saw drinking water as part of their self-identity had consistent and high water intake across a variety of situations. "Knowledge and attitudes," suggests that few participants had knowledge or attitudes that promoted water intake (e.g., perceived water as positive or understood the importance of hydration). "Strategies underlying attempts to increase intake" suggests that many participants lacked insight into strategies to increase water intake, although they spontaneously discussed attempts to drink more. This lead to ineffective attempts at behaviour change. Participants' mentions of dehydration and their responses to a urine colour chart suggested that many participants were possibly underhydrated. Our findings suggest that interventions and practitioners attempting to increase water intake need to increase knowledge about the importance of hydration, and encourage individuals to develop effective situated water drinking habits.
尽管脱水现象普遍且会对健康造成不良影响，但饮水行为却未得到充分研究。我们基于对欲望和动机行为的认知视角，对饮水背后的动机过程进行了定性探索。我们采用主题分析法，对60名按年龄、性别和教育水平分层的参与者进行了访谈并分析数据，得出了三个关键主题。“水作为情境化习惯”表明，参与者形成并维持情境化的饮水习惯，以便在特定情境下有规律地饮水。然而，那些仅在一种关键情境（如日常工作）中饮水的参与者，在离开该情境时饮水量较低且不稳定。有些情境在一天中很少发生（如睡前），导致参与者的每日饮水量较低。许多参与者报告说会根据口渴提示饮水，但这些提示很容易被抑制或忽视，导致饮水行为不一致。将饮水视为自我认同一部分的参与者在各种情境下的饮水量都持续较高且稳定。“知识与态度”表明，很少有参与者具备促进饮水的知识或态度（如将水视为有益的或理解水合作用的重要性）。“增加饮水量尝试背后的策略”表明，许多参与者虽然会自发讨论增加饮水的尝试，但对增加饮水量的策略缺乏深入了解。这导致行为改变的尝试效果不佳。参与者对脱水的提及以及他们对尿液颜色图表的反应表明，许多参与者可能处于脱水状态。我们的研究结果表明，试图增加饮水量的干预措施和从业者需要提高对水合作用重要性的认识，并鼓励个人养成有效的情境化饮水习惯。
