Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Acta Biomater. 2022 Feb;139:157-178. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.018. Epub 2021 Apr 20.
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the fatal diseases in humans. Its incidence is constantly increasing annually all over the world. The problem is accompanied by the limited regenerative capacity of cardiomyocytes, yielding fibrous scar tissue formation. The propagation of electrical impulses in such tissue is severely hampered, negatively influencing the normal heart pumping function. Thus, reconstruction of the internal cardiac electrical connection is currently a major concern of myocardial repair. Conductive biomaterials with or without cell loading were extensively investigated to address this problem. This article introduces a detailed overview of the recent progress in conductive biomaterials and fabrication methods of conductive scaffolds for cardiac repair. After that, the advances in myocardial tissue construction in vitro by the restoration of intercellular communication and simulation of the dynamic electrophysiological environment are systematically reviewed. Furthermore, the latest trend in the study of cardiac repair in vivo using various conductive patches is summarized. Finally, we discuss the achievements and shortcomings of the existing conductive biomaterials and the properties of an ideal conductive patch for myocardial repair. We hope this review will help readers understand the importance and usefulness of conductive biomaterials in cardiac repair and inspire researchers to design and develop new conductive patches to meet the clinical requirements. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: After myocardial infarction, the infarcted myocardial area is gradually replaced by heterogeneous fibrous tissue with inferior conduction properties, resulting in arrhythmia and heart remodeling. Conductive biomaterials have been extensively adopted to solve the problem. Summarizing the relevant literature, this review presents an overview of the types and fabrication methods of conductive biomaterials, and focally discusses the recent advances in myocardial tissue construction in vitro and myocardial repair in vivo, which is rarely covered in previous reviews. As well, the deficiencies of the existing conductive patches and their construction strategies for myocardial repair are discussed as well as the improving directions. Confidently, the readers of this review would appreciate advantages and current limitations of conductive biomaterials/patches in cardiac repair.
心肌梗死（MI）是人类致命疾病之一。其发病率在全球范围内呈逐年不断上升趋势。该问题伴随着心肌细胞再生能力有限，导致纤维瘢痕组织形成。在这种组织中传播电脉冲受到严重阻碍，对心脏正常的泵血功能产生负面影响。因此，重建内部心脏电连接目前是心肌修复的主要关注点。具有或不具有细胞负载的导电生物材料被广泛研究以解决这个问题。本文介绍了导电生物材料的最新进展以及用于心脏修复的导电支架的制造方法的详细概述。之后，系统地回顾了通过恢复细胞间通讯和模拟动态电生理环境在体外构建心肌组织的进展。此外，还总结了使用各种导电补片在体内进行心脏修复的最新趋势。最后，我们讨论了现有导电生物材料的成就和缺点以及理想的用于心肌修复的导电补片的特性。我们希望这篇综述能帮助读者了解导电生物材料在心脏修复中的重要性和实用性，并激发研究人员设计和开发新的导电补片以满足临床需求。
心肌梗死后，梗死心肌区域逐渐被传导性能较差的异质纤维组织替代，导致心律失常和心脏重构。导电生物材料已被广泛用于解决这个问题。通过总结相关文献，本文对导电生物材料的类型和制造方法进行了概述，并重点讨论了最近在体外构建心肌组织和体内心肌修复方面的进展，这在以前的综述中很少涉及。此外，还讨论了现有导电补片的不足及其用于心肌修复的构建策略以及改进方向。有信心读者会欣赏导电生物材料/补片在心脏修复中的优点和当前局限性。
