Institut für Chemie neuer Materialien and CellNanOs, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
Chem Soc Rev. 2021 Jun 8;50(11):6333-6348. doi: 10.1039/d0cs00500b.
Removing hazardous particulate and macromolecular contaminants as well as viruses with sizes from a few nm up to the 100 nm-range from water and air is crucial for ensuring sufficient sanitation and hygiene for a growing world population. To this end, high-performance separation membranes are needed that combine high permeance, high selectivity and sufficient mechanical stability under operating conditions. However, design features of separation membranes enhancing permeance reduce selectivity and vice versa. Membrane configurations combining high permeance and high selectivity suffer in turn from a lack of mechanical robustness. These problems may be tackled by using block copolymers (BCPs) as a material platform for the design of separation membranes. BCPs are macromolecules that consist of two or more chemically distinct block segments, which undergo microphase separation yielding a wealth of ordered nanoscopic domain structures. Various methods allow the transformation of these nanoscopic domain structures into customized nanopore systems with pore sizes in the sub-100 nm range and with narrow pore size distributions. This tutorial review summarizes design strategies for nanoporous state-of-the-art BCP separation membranes, their preparation, their device integration and their use for water purification.
从水中和空气中去除尺寸从几纳米到 100 纳米范围的危险颗粒和高分子污染物以及病毒对于确保不断增长的世界人口有足够的卫生和清洁至关重要。为此，需要高性能分离膜，该膜在操作条件下具有高渗透性、高选择性和足够的机械稳定性。然而，增强渗透性的分离膜设计特征会降低选择性，反之亦然。膜配置结合了高渗透性和高选择性，反过来又缺乏机械鲁棒性。这些问题可以通过使用嵌段共聚物 (BCP) 作为分离膜设计的材料平台来解决。BCP 是由两个或多个化学上不同的嵌段段组成的大分子，这些嵌段段经历微相分离，产生丰富的有序纳米尺度域结构。各种方法允许将这些纳米尺度域结构转化为具有亚 100nm 范围的定制纳米孔系统，并且具有较窄的孔径分布。本综述总结了用于水净化的纳米多孔最新 BCP 分离膜的设计策略、其制备、器件集成及其用途。
