Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.
Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2021 Jul;182:107442. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107442. Epub 2021 Apr 20.
Sleep is important for memory, but does it favor consolidation of specific details or extraction of generalized information? Both may occur together when memories are reactivated during sleep, or a loss of certain memory details may facilitate generalization. To examine these issues, we tested memory in participants who viewed landscape paintings by six artists. Paintings were cropped to show only a section of the scene. During a learning phase, each painting section was presented with the artist's name and with a nonverbal sound that had been uniquely associated with that artist. In a test of memory for specifics, participants were shown arrays of six painting sections, all by the same artist. Participants attempted to select the one that was seen in the learning phase. Generalization was tested by asking participants to view new paintings and, for each one, decide which of the six artists created it. After this testing, participants had a 90-minute sleep opportunity with polysomnographic monitoring. When slow-wave sleep was detected, three of the sound cues associated with the artists were repeatedly presented without waking the participants. After sleep, participants were again tested for memory specifics and generalization. Memory reactivation during sleep due to the sound cues led to a relative decline in accuracy on the specifics test, which could indicate the transition to a loss of detail that facilitates generalization, particularly details such as the borders. Generalization performance showed very little change after sleep and was unaffected by the sound cues. Although results tentatively implicate sleep in memory transformation, further research is needed to examine memory change across longer time periods.
睡眠对记忆很重要，但它是有利于特定细节的巩固还是有利于一般信息的提取呢？当记忆在睡眠中被重新激活时，这两种情况都可能同时发生，或者特定记忆细节的丧失可能会促进概括。为了研究这些问题，我们测试了参与者观看六位艺术家的风景画作后的记忆。画作被裁剪，只展示场景的一部分。在学习阶段，每个画作部分都展示了艺术家的名字和与该艺术家独特相关的非言语声音。在记忆细节的测试中，参与者看到了六个画作部分的数组，都是同一个艺术家的作品。参与者试图选择他们在学习阶段看到的那一个。通过要求参与者观看新画作，并为每一幅画作决定是哪一位艺术家创作的，来测试概括能力。在这之后，参与者有 90 分钟的睡眠机会，并进行多导睡眠图监测。当检测到慢波睡眠时，与艺术家相关的三个声音提示会在不唤醒参与者的情况下反复呈现。睡眠后，参与者再次接受记忆细节和概括的测试。由于声音提示，睡眠期间记忆的重新激活导致特定测试的准确性相对下降，这可能表明细节的过渡，从而促进了概括，特别是边界等细节。睡眠后，概括表现几乎没有变化，不受声音提示的影响。尽管结果暗示睡眠在记忆转化中发挥作用，但还需要进一步研究来检查更长时间跨度内的记忆变化。
