Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
Biodiversity Genomics Team, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China.
G3 (Bethesda). 2021 Jul 14;11(7). doi: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab136.
Malvaceae s.l., the most diverse family within Malvales, includes well-known species of great economic importance like cotton, cacao, and durian. Despite numerous phylogenetic analyses employing multiple markers, relationships between several of its nine subfamilies, particularly within the largest lineage /Malvadendrina, remain unclear. In this study, we attempted to resolve the relationships within the major clades of Malvaceae s.l. using plastid genomes of 48 accessions representing all subfamilies. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses recovered a fully resolved and well-supported topology confirming the split of the family into /Byttneriina (/Grewioideae +/Byttnerioideae) and /Malvadendrina. Within /Malvadendrina, /Helicteroideae occupied the earliest branching position, followed by /Sterculioideae, /Brownlowioideae, /Tiliodeae, and /Dombeyoideae formed a clade sister to /Malvatheca (/Malvoideae +/Bombacoideae), a grouping morphologically supported by the lack of androgynophore. Results from dating analyses suggest that all subfamilies originated during hot or warm phases in the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene. This study presents a well-supported phylogenetic framework for Malvaceae s.l. that will aid downstream revisions and evolutionary studies of this economically important plant family.
锦葵科（Malvaceae s.l.）是锦葵目（Malvales）中最多样化的科，包括棉花、可可和榴莲等具有重要经济价值的知名物种。尽管有许多基于多种标记的系统发育分析，但它的九个亚科中的几个，特别是最大的谱系 /Malvadendrina 内的关系仍然不清楚。在这项研究中，我们试图利用代表所有亚科的 48 个样本的质体基因组来解决锦葵科内主要分支的关系。最大似然法和贝叶斯分析都恢复了一个完全解决的、支持良好的拓扑结构，证实了该科分为 /Byttneriina（/Grewioideae +/Byttnerioideae）和 /Malvadendrina。在 /Malvadendrina 内，/Helicteroideae 占据最早的分支位置，其次是 /Sterculioideae、/Brownlowioideae、/Tiliodeae 和 /Dombeyoideae，它们与 /Malvatheca（/Malvoideae +/Bombacoideae）形成一个分支，这个分组在形态上得到支持，因为没有雌雄同体。定年分析的结果表明，所有的亚科都起源于白垩纪晚期到古近纪的炎热或温暖时期。这项研究为锦葵科提供了一个支持良好的系统发育框架，将有助于该经济重要植物科的下游修订和进化研究。
