Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Owerri, PMB 1526, Nigeria.
Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Research Group, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.
Environ Monit Assess. 2021 Apr 23;193(5):293. doi: 10.1007/s10661-021-09085-z.
Intensive livestock farming has increased the use of veterinary pharmaceuticals in many developing countries, and this is considered a significant concern to the freshwater ecosystem. However, the information on the potential acute toxicity of piggery effluent waste and the veterinary pharmaceutical effluent discharged into the aquatic environment is limited. This study assessed the adverse effect of a piggery effluent and the cocktail mixtures of high- and low-level doses of three frequently occurring veterinary pharmaceuticals (tetracycline (TETR), ivermectin (IVER), and salicylic acid (SALA)) on freshwater organisms using three representative freshwater biotests organisms: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (P. subcapitata), Daphnia magna (D. magna), and Tetrahymena thermophila (T. thermophila). The freshwater organism test results showed that the 24-h and 48-h EC algal toxicity to P. subcapitata exposed to 10% unfiltered piggery effluent were 25.6 and 49.3% respectively while the 24-h LC value to Cladocera, D. magna exposed to unfiltered piggery effluent was 23.2 (17.7-30.4)%. The 24-h EC protozoan toxicity to T. thermophila exposed to 1% HLD veterinary pharmaceuticals was 0.014 μg/L. Thus, the study established the different sensitivities of freshwater organisms to various percentage levels of piggery effluent and high- and low-level doses of veterinary pharmaceutical. The piggery effluent and the pharmaceutical cocktail mixtures have potential toxicological effects on the freshwater ecosystem.
集约化畜牧业的发展增加了许多发展中国家兽医药品的使用，这被认为是对淡水生态系统的一个重大关注。然而，关于猪场废水和兽医药品废水排放到水生环境中的潜在急性毒性的信息有限。本研究使用三种常见的兽医药品（四环素（TETR）、伊维菌素（IVER）和水杨酸（SALA））的高、低剂量鸡尾酒混合物，评估了猪场废水对淡水生物的不良影响，使用三种具有代表性的淡水生物测试生物：假微型海链藻（P. subcapitata）、大型溞（D. magna）和嗜热四膜虫（T. thermophila）。淡水生物测试结果表明，暴露于 10%未过滤猪场废水中的 P. subcapitata 在 24 小时和 48 小时时的藻类毒性分别为 25.6%和 49.3%，而暴露于未过滤猪场废水中的 Cladocera，大型溞的 24 小时 LC 值为 23.2（17.7-30.4）%。暴露于 1%高剂量兽药的 T. thermophila 在 24 小时时的原生动物毒性为 0.014μg/L。因此，本研究确定了淡水生物对不同百分比水平的猪场废水和高、低剂量兽药的敏感性差异。猪场废水和药物鸡尾酒混合物对淡水生态系统具有潜在的毒理学影响。
