Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganism, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India.
J Appl Microbiol. 2021 Nov;131(5):2161-2177. doi: 10.1111/jam.15111. Epub 2021 May 17.
Plants associate with communities of microbes (bacteria and fungi) that play critical roles in plant development, nutrient acquisition and oxidative stress tolerance. The major share of plant microbiota is endophytes which inhabit plant tissues and help them in various capacities. In this article, we have reviewed what is presently known with regard to how endophytic microbes interact with plants to modulate root development, branching, root hair formation and their implications in overall plant development. Endophytic microbes link the interactions of plants, rhizospheric microbes and soil to promote nutrient solubilization and further vectoring these nutrients to the plant roots making the soil-plant-microbe continuum. Further, plant roots internalize microbes and oxidatively extract nutrients from microbes in the rhizophagy cycle. The oxidative interactions between endophytes and plants result in the acquisition of nutrients by plants and are also instrumental in oxidative stress tolerance of plants. It is evident that plants actively cultivate microbes internally, on surfaces and in soils to acquire nutrients, modulate development and improve health. Understanding this continuum could be of greater significance in connecting endophytes with the hidden half of the plant that can also be harnessed in applied terms to enhance nutrient acquisition through the development of favourable root system architecture for sustainable production under stress conditions.
植物与微生物群落（细菌和真菌）相关联，这些微生物在植物发育、养分获取和氧化应激耐受中发挥着关键作用。植物微生物群落的主要部分是内生菌，它们栖息在植物组织中，并以各种方式帮助它们。在本文中，我们回顾了目前已知的内生微生物如何与植物相互作用，以调节根的发育、分枝、根毛的形成，以及它们对植物整体发育的影响。内生微生物将植物、根际微生物和土壤的相互作用联系起来，促进养分的溶解，并进一步将这些养分输送到植物根部，使土壤-植物-微生物连续体得以形成。此外，植物根系内化微生物，并在根际噬菌周期中从微生物中氧化提取养分。内生菌与植物之间的氧化相互作用导致植物获取养分，同时也有助于植物对氧化应激的耐受。显然，植物积极地在内部、表面和土壤中培养微生物，以获取养分、调节发育和提高健康水平。理解这一连续体对于将内生菌与植物的隐藏部分联系起来具有更大的意义，这也可以在应用方面得到利用，通过开发有利于养分获取的根系结构，在胁迫条件下实现可持续生产。
