Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
Pest Manag Sci. 2019 Oct;75(10):2558-2565. doi: 10.1002/ps.5527. Epub 2019 Jul 27.
Endophytes are microbes (mostly bacteria and fungi) present asymptomatically in plants. Endophytic microbes are often functional in that they may carry nutrients from the soil into plants, modulate plant development, increase stress tolerance of plants, suppress virulence in pathogens, increase disease resistance in plants, and suppress development of competitor plant species. Endophytic microbes have been shown to: (i) obtain nutrients in soils and transfer nutrients to plants in the rhizophagy cycle and other nutrient-transfer symbioses; (ii) increase plant growth and development; (iii) reduce oxidative stress of hosts; (iv) protect plants from disease; (v) deter feeding by herbivores; and (vi) suppress growth of competitor plant species. Because of the effective functions of endophytic microbes, we suggest that endophytic microbes may significantly reduce use of agrochemicals (fertilizers, fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides) in the cultivation of crop plants. The loss of endophytic microbes from crop plants during domestication and long-term cultivation could be remedied by transfer of endophytes from wild relatives of crops to crop species. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels could reduce the efficiency of the rhizophagy cycle due to repression of reactive oxygen used to extract nutrients from microbes in roots. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
内生菌是指无症状存在于植物体内的微生物（主要是细菌和真菌）。内生微生物通常具有功能性，因为它们可以将土壤中的养分带入植物体内，调节植物的发育，提高植物的抗胁迫能力，抑制病原菌的毒力，增加植物的抗病性，抑制竞争植物物种的生长。内生微生物已被证明：（i）在土壤中获取养分，并通过根食循环和其他养分转移共生关系将养分转移到植物体内；（ii）促进植物生长和发育；（iii）减少宿主的氧化应激；（iv）保护植物免受疾病侵害；（v）阻止食草动物的取食；（vi）抑制竞争植物物种的生长。由于内生微生物的有效功能，我们建议内生微生物可能会显著减少农业作物种植中农用化学品（肥料、杀菌剂、杀虫剂和除草剂）的使用。在作物的驯化和长期种植过程中，内生菌从作物的野生亲缘种转移到作物中，可以弥补作物内生菌的损失。由于用于从根部微生物中提取养分的活性氧受到抑制，大气中二氧化碳水平的升高可能会降低根食循环的效率。© 2019 作者。害虫管理科学由 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 代表化学工业协会出版。
