Hemostasis and Thrombosis Laboratory, Hospital of Infectious Diseases "F. J. Muñiz", Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Hemostasis and Thrombosis Laboratory, Hospital of Infectious Diseases "F. J. Muñiz", Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Clin Biochem. 2021 Aug;94:12-19. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.04.019. Epub 2021 Apr 23.
Over time, the knowledge on the role of histones has significantly changed. Initially, histones were only known as DNA packaging proteins but later, it was discovered that they act extracellularly as powerful antimicrobial agents and also as potentially self-detrimental agents. Indeed, histones were found to be the most abundant proteins within neutrophil extracellular traps what ultimately highlighted their microbicidal function. In addition, extracellular histones proved to be involved in triggering exacerbated inflammatory and coagulation responses, depending on the cell type affected. Consequently, several investigations were conducted towards studying the potential of histones and their derivatives as either biomarkers or therapeutic target candidates in different diseases in which inflammation and thrombosis have a key pathophysiological role, such as sepsis, thrombosis and different types of cancer. The main objective of this review is to summarize and discuss the current state of the art with regard to both beneficial and harmful roles of histones and also their possible use as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
随着时间的推移，组蛋白的作用的相关知识发生了显著的变化。最初，组蛋白仅被认为是 DNA 包装蛋白，但后来发现它们在细胞外作为强大的抗菌剂发挥作用，也可能作为潜在的自我损害剂。事实上，组蛋白被发现是中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网中最丰富的蛋白质，最终强调了它们的杀菌功能。此外，细胞外组蛋白被证明参与触发炎症和凝血反应的加剧，具体取决于受影响的细胞类型。因此，针对不同炎症和血栓形成在其中起关键病理生理作用的疾病，如败血症、血栓形成和不同类型的癌症，进行了多项研究以研究组蛋白及其衍生物作为生物标志物或治疗靶点的潜力。本文综述的主要目的是总结和讨论目前关于组蛋白的有益和有害作用的最新研究进展，以及它们作为生物标志物和治疗靶点的可能用途。
