Martínez-Guijosa Jordi, Lima-Barbero Jose Francisco, Acevedo Pelayo, Cano-Terriza David, Jiménez-Ruiz Saúl, Barasona Jose Ángel, Boadella Mariana, García-Bocanegra Ignacio, Gortázar Christian, Vicente Joaquín
SaBio, IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
SABIOTEC, Edificio Polivalente de la UCLM, Local 1.22 Camino de Moledores, s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
Prev Vet Med. 2021 Apr 10;191:105346. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105346.
Animal tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), is a zoonotic disease of global concern, and has a wide variety of wild and domestic reservoirs that can establish complex epidemiological systems. Of all the strategies employed to control TB, reducing the risks of interaction at the wildlife-livestock interface is a cornerstone. However, detailed protocols with which to assess and implement farm-specific preventive actions that can be employed against interactions with wildlife are lacking for extensive production systems. We describe an On-farm Wildlife Risk Mitigation Protocol that is applicable to beef cattle farming in Mediterranean environments in order to control the wildlife-livestock interaction and MTC transmission through the use of Farm-specific Action Plans (FsAP). We assessed the implementation and verification of FsAP in terms of its practical feasibility and acceptability by farmers (n=55 farms). Of the potential risk points, waterers (41.3 %) and waterholes (24.4 %) were the most common. Waterholes and springs were identified as the points with the greatest risks. Actions related to water management were essential on most farms (99 % of the high-risk points), as were those regarding wildlife management (36.4 % of the farms provided wild boar or cervids with supplementary food for hunting purposes). Overall, 75 % of the farmers adopted the plans to some extent, with an average of 31.8 % of actions implemented, but with high variability depending on the type of actions proposed. Farmers prioritised low-cost measures. Our results, in their entirety, indicate that the adoption of this On-farm Wildlife Risk Mitigation Protocol is practical and feasible in Mediterranean ecosystems, and can be easily transferred to professionals and adapted to other bioregions or epidemiological systems. The subsequent evaluation of FsAPs in terms of efficacy and cost-effectiveness, along with increasing their acceptance by farmers, are necessary steps for the further development of TB Risk Mitigation Programmes at a nationwide level.
动物结核病（TB）由结核分枝杆菌复合群（MTC）引起，是一种全球关注的人畜共患病，有各种各样的野生和家养宿主，可形成复杂的流行病学系统。在所有用于控制结核病的策略中，降低野生动物与家畜接触界面的相互作用风险是基石。然而，对于粗放型生产系统，缺乏用于评估和实施针对与野生动物相互作用的农场特定预防措施的详细方案。我们描述了一种适用于地中海环境肉牛养殖的农场野生动物风险缓解方案，以通过使用农场特定行动计划（FsAP）来控制野生动物与家畜的相互作用以及MTC传播。我们从实际可行性和农民（n = 55个农场）的可接受性方面评估了FsAP的实施和验证情况。在潜在风险点中，饮水器（41.3%）和水坑（24.4%）最为常见。水坑和泉水被确定为风险最大的点。与水管理相关的行动在大多数农场（99%的高风险点）至关重要，与野生动物管理相关的行动也是如此（36.4%的农场为野猪或鹿提供用于狩猎目的的补充食物）。总体而言，75%的农民在一定程度上采用了这些计划，平均实施了31.8%的行动，但根据提议的行动类型差异很大。农民优先考虑低成本措施。我们的整体结果表明该农场野生动物风险缓解方案在地中海生态系统中是切实可行的，并且可以轻松传授给专业人员并适用于其他生物区域或流行病学系统。随后从有效性和成本效益方面对FsAP进行评估，以及提高农民对其的接受度，是在全国范围内进一步发展结核病风险缓解计划的必要步骤。
