开发和验证一种测量学校护士实践范围的工具。

Development and validation of an instrument to measure scope of practice in school nurses.

机构信息

Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.

National Association of School Nurses, Silver Spring, MD, USA.

出版信息

J Adv Nurs. 2021 Jul;77(7):3226-3237. doi: 10.1111/jan.14867. Epub 2021 Apr 24.

DOI:10.1111/jan.14867

PMID:33896020

Abstract

AIMS

The aim of the study was to develop and psychometrically test a new instrument to measure the scope of school nursing practice.

DESIGN

Methodological study.

METHODS

Data were collected in Spring 2018. Frontline school nurses in the United States (N = 3099) completed the 39-item Scope of School Nursing Practice Tool (SSNPT) with two domains (current practice and importance to practice). One half of sample data (N1 = 1521) were used for exploratory factor analysis, item analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and Spearman-Brown to estimate validity and reliability of the instrument. Sample data from the other half (N2 = 1578) were retained for future analysis.

RESULTS

Factor analysis resulted in a stable four-dimension solution: (A) Using the Nursing Process; (B) Applying Evidence to Improve Practice; (C) Connecting with Community; and (D) Leveraging the School and Family Team, accounting for 50.48% (current practice) and 53.31% (importance to practice) of total variance. Cronbach's alpha and Spearman-Brown ranged from .73 to .90 and .73 to .92, respectively. Item-total correlations ranged from .36 to .82.

CONCLUSION

Initial psychometric properties indicate the new SSNPT is valid and reliable to assess the scope of practice of frontline school nurses.

IMPACT

School nurses play a key role in population health and frequently serve as the sole provider of healthcare in schools worldwide. However, variability in school nursing practice affects the health, safety and educational outcomes of children and youth. No instrument exists that measures the scope of practice of school nurses. Frontline school nurses can use the SSNPT to assess practice, school nurse administrators can use the tool for resource utilization and school nurse researchers can use the tool to examine school nursing practices' impact on student/community health and academic outcomes. The SSNPT may provide a template for others who wish to examine specialty nursing scope of practice.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在开发和心理测量一种新的工具，以衡量学校护理实践的范围。

设计

方法学研究。

方法

数据收集于 2018 年春季。美国的一线学校护士（N=3099）完成了 39 项学校护理实践范围工具（SSNPT），该工具包含两个领域（当前实践和对实践的重要性）。样本数据的一半（N1=1521）用于探索性因素分析、项目分析、克朗巴赫α和斯皮尔曼-布朗，以估计工具的有效性和可靠性。另一半样本数据（N2=1578）保留用于未来分析。

结果

因素分析产生了一个稳定的四维度解决方案：（A）使用护理过程；（B）应用证据改进实践；（C）与社区联系；（D）利用学校和家庭团队，分别占当前实践的 50.48%和对实践的重要性的 53.31%。克朗巴赫α和斯皮尔曼-布朗的范围分别为 0.73 至 0.90 和 0.73 至 0.92。项目与总分的相关性范围为 0.36 至 0.82。

结论

初步心理测量特性表明，新的 SSNPT 具有有效性和可靠性，可用于评估一线学校护士的实践范围。

影响

学校护士在人群健康中发挥着关键作用，并且经常在全球范围内担任学校医疗保健的唯一提供者。然而，学校护理实践的差异会影响儿童和青年的健康、安全和教育成果。没有工具可以衡量学校护士的实践范围。一线学校护士可以使用 SSNPT 来评估实践，学校护士管理人员可以使用该工具进行资源利用，学校护士研究人员可以使用该工具来研究学校护理实践对学生/社区健康和学业成果的影响。SSNPT 可以为其他希望检查专业护理实践范围的人提供模板。