Ejiri Manami, Kawai Hisashi, Yasunaga Masashi, Shirobe Maki, Ito Kumiko, Ueda Takuya, Obuchi Shuichi
Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology.
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2021 Jul 20;68(7):459-467. doi: 10.11236/jph.20-108. Epub 2021 Apr 26.
Objectives Community-based activities led by older residents are important in preventing long-term care and enhancing social participation among older persons in Japan. Local governments and community nurses are required to support these activities. However, there is no knowledge about the issues of residents who participate in community-based activities, which is essential for the effective support of community-based activities. We aimed to examine the association between the length of participation and recognized issues among community-based activities.Methods Through the local governments in Tokyo, we recruited participants from community-based activity groups; 2,367 people from 155 activity groups from 40 municipalities responded. The presence or absence of 10 items of recognized issues, such as lack of management members and lack of teachers, were examined. The number of years of participation in the activity was divided into four groups: "less than 1 year," "more than 1 year and less than 2 years," "more than 2 years and less than 4 years," and "more than 4 years." Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between the length of participation and recognized issues.Results The number of analyzed respondents was 2,194 (14.5% were male and the average age was 76.9 years). Compared to "less than 1 year" group, the "more than 2 years and less than 4 year" group recognized "aging of group" (OR=1.92), "lack of management members" (OR=1.61), and "health condition of participants" (OR=1.47) as issues. In the "more than 4 years" group, "aging of group" (OR=3.24), "lack of management members" (OR=2.63), "lack of participants" (OR=2.12), "health condition of participants" (OR=1.95), "mannerism of activities" (OR=1.62), and "lack of place" (OR=1.48) were recognized as issues.Conclusion Issues recognized by participants in community-based activities differed depending on the number of years they had been participating in the activity. This suggests that it is necessary to provide appropriate support taking the length of participation into account. For example, the issue of the "health condition of participants" was recognized by participants who had been participating in the activity for approximately two years. Consequently, "lack of participants" may have occurred in participants who have been participating in the activity for four years. Therefore, promoting the health management of participants from the early phase of community-based activity would be effective in preventing dropout.
目标 在日本，由老年居民主导的社区活动对于预防长期护理和增强老年人的社会参与度非常重要。地方政府和社区护士需要支持这些活动。然而，对于参与社区活动的居民所面临的问题却缺乏了解，而这对于有效支持社区活动至关重要。我们旨在研究参与时长与社区活动中所认识到的问题之间的关联。
方法 通过东京的地方政府，我们从社区活动团体中招募参与者；来自40个市的155个活动团体的2367人做出了回应。调查了10项已认识到的问题的存在与否，比如缺乏管理人员和缺乏教师等。将参与活动的年数分为四组：“少于1年”“1年以上且少于2年”“2年以上且少于4年”以及“4年以上”。进行逻辑回归分析以研究参与时长与已认识到的问题之间的关联。
结果 分析的受访者有2194人（男性占14.5%，平均年龄为76.9岁）。与“少于1年”组相比，“2年以上且少于4年”组将“团体老龄化”（比值比=1.92）、“缺乏管理人员”（比值比=1.61）以及“参与者的健康状况”（比值比=1.47）视为问题。在“4年以上”组中，“团体老龄化”（比值比=3.24）、“缺乏管理人员”（比值比=2.63）、“缺乏参与者”（比值比=2.12）、“参与者的健康状况”（比值比=1.95）、“活动的习性”（比值比=1.62）以及“缺乏场地”（比值比=1.48）被视为问题。
结论 社区活动参与者所认识到的问题因他们参与活动的年数而异。这表明有必要考虑参与时长来提供适当的支持。例如，“参与者的健康状况”这一问题在参与活动约两年的参与者中被认识到。因此，在参与活动四年的参与者中可能出现了“缺乏参与者”的情况。所以，从社区活动的早期阶段就促进参与者的健康管理对于防止退出将是有效的。
