Tareq Md Sarower, Rahman Tanzilur, Hossain Mokarram, Dorrington Peter
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA.
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA.
J Manuf Syst. 2021 Jul;60:787-798. doi: 10.1016/j.jmsy.2020.12.021. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapidly achieved global pandemic status. The pandemic created huge demand for relevant medical and personal protective equipment (PPE) and put unprecedented pressure on the healthcare system within a very short span of time. Moreover, the supply chain system faced extreme disruption as a result of the frequent and severe lockdowns across the globe. In such a situation, additive manufacturing (AM) becomes a supplementary manufacturing process to meet the explosive demands and to ease the health disaster worldwide. Providing the extensive design customization, a rapid manufacturing route, eliminating lengthy assembly lines and ensuring low manufacturing lead times, the AM route could plug the immediate supply chain gap, whilst mass production routes restarted again. The AM community joined the fight against COVID-19 by producing components for medical equipment such as ventilators, nasopharyngeal swabs and PPE such as face masks and face shields. The aim of this article is to systematically summarize and to critically analyze all major efforts put forward by the AM industry, academics, researchers, users, and individuals. A step-by-step account is given summarizing all major additively manufactured products that were designed, invented, used, and produced during the pandemic in addition to highlighting some of the potential challenges. Such a review will become a historical document for the future as well as a stimulus for the next generation AM community.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）迅速蔓延，成为全球大流行病。这场大流行对相关医疗和个人防护装备（PPE）产生了巨大需求，并在极短时间内给医疗系统带来了前所未有的压力。此外，由于全球频繁而严格的封锁措施，供应链系统面临着极大的混乱。在这种情况下，增材制造（AM）成为一种补充制造工艺，以满足激增的需求并缓解全球范围内的健康危机。增材制造能够提供广泛的设计定制、快速的制造路径、消除冗长的装配线并确保较短的制造前置时间，因此在大规模生产路线重新启动之前，它可以填补供应链的即时缺口。增材制造领域通过生产用于医疗设备（如呼吸机、鼻咽拭子）以及个人防护装备（如口罩和面罩）的零部件，加入到了抗击COVID-19的战斗中。本文的目的是系统地总结并批判性地分析增材制造行业、学术界、研究人员、用户和个人所做出的所有主要努力。文中逐步介绍了在疫情期间设计、发明、使用和生产的所有主要增材制造产品，并突出了一些潜在挑战。这样的综述将成为未来的一份历史文献，也将激励下一代增材制造领域的发展。
