Minici Roberto, Ammendola Michele, Manti Francesco, Siciliano Maria Anna, Minici Marco, Komaei Iman, Currò Giuseppe, Laganà Domenico
Radiology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
Digestive Surgery Unit, Science of Health Department, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
Front Pharmacol. 2021 Apr 8;12:634087. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.634087. eCollection 2021.
According to the EASL Guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization is the first-line treatment recommended for intermediate-stage HCC. Furthermore, it is widely accepted that patients beyond the Milan criteria can be considered for a liver transplant after successful downstaging to within the Milan criteria. Response to downstaging treatments significantly influences not just drop-outs, but also the rate of post-transplantation tumor recurrences. TACE with degradable starch microspheres represents an alternative to conventional TACE with lipiodol and TACE with drug-eluting beads, and it leads to transient arterial occlusion allowing lower activation of hypoxia-inducible factors and less release of vascular endothelial growth factor, a promoter of neoangiogenesis, tumor proliferation, and metastatic growth. In patients with intermediate-stage HCC and a Child-Pugh score of 8 or 9, life expectancy may be dominated by cirrhotic liver dysfunction, rather than by the tumor progression itself; hence, locoregional treatments might also be detrimental, precipitating liver dysfunction to an extent that survival is shortened rather than prolonged. Data on tolerability, toxicity, and effectiveness of DSM-TACE are limited but encouraging. Between January 2015 and October 2020, 50 consecutive patients with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma and a Child-Pugh score of 8/9, who had undergone DSM-TACE as the first-line treatment, were eligible for the study. A total of 142 DSM-TACEs were performed, with a mean number of 2.84 procedures per patient. The mean time-to-downstaging was 19.2 months, with six patients successfully downstaged. OS was about 100% at six months, 81.8% at 12 months, and 50% at 24 months. Twenty-two patients experienced adverse events after chemoembolization. The median OS and safety of DSM-TACE in this study are comparable with other published investigations in this field. Furthermore, 12% of patients were successfully downstaged. Hence, the results of the current investigation demonstrate that DSM-TACE is effective and safe in intermediate-stage HCC, achieving an interesting downstaging rate. Such data were observed in the population subset with a Child-Pugh score of 8 or 9, in which life expectancy may be determined by cirrhotic liver dysfunction, so the achievement of a balance between the safety and efficacy profile of the TACE treatment is crucial.
根据欧洲肝脏研究学会肝细胞癌管理指南,经动脉化疗栓塞术是推荐用于中期肝癌的一线治疗方法。此外,人们普遍认为,超出米兰标准的患者在成功降期至米兰标准范围内后可考虑进行肝移植。降期治疗的反应不仅会显著影响退出率,还会影响移植后肿瘤复发率。使用可降解淀粉微球的经动脉化疗栓塞术是使用碘油的传统经动脉化疗栓塞术和使用载药微球的经动脉化疗栓塞术的替代方法,它会导致短暂的动脉闭塞,从而降低缺氧诱导因子的激活,并减少血管内皮生长因子的释放,血管内皮生长因子是新血管生成、肿瘤增殖和转移生长的促进因子。在中期肝癌且Child-Pugh评分为8或9的患者中,预期寿命可能主要受肝硬化肝功能障碍的影响,而非肿瘤进展本身;因此,局部区域治疗也可能有害,会使肝功能障碍加剧,导致生存期缩短而非延长。关于可降解淀粉微球经动脉化疗栓塞术的耐受性、毒性和有效性的数据有限,但令人鼓舞。在2015年1月至2020年10月期间,50例连续的中期肝细胞癌且Child-Pugh评分为8/9的患者作为一线治疗接受了可降解淀粉微球经动脉化疗栓塞术,符合该研究的条件。共进行了142次可降解淀粉微球经动脉化疗栓塞术,每位患者平均进行2.84次手术。平均降期时间为19.2个月,6例患者成功降期。6个月时总生存率约为100%,12个月时为81.8%,24个月时为50%。22例患者在化疗栓塞后出现不良事件。本研究中可降解淀粉微球经动脉化疗栓塞术的中位总生存率和安全性与该领域其他已发表的研究相当。此外,12%的患者成功降期。因此,当前研究结果表明,可降解淀粉微球经动脉化疗栓塞术在中期肝癌中有效且安全,实现了可观的降期率。在Child-Pugh评分为8或9的人群亚组中观察到了此类数据,在该亚组中预期寿命可能由肝硬化肝功能障碍决定,因此在经动脉化疗栓塞术的安全性和有效性之间取得平衡至关重要。
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