Kaiser Niclas, Butler Emily
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Family Studies and Human Development, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
Front Psychol. 2021 Apr 8;12:571298. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.571298. eCollection 2021.
We address what it means to "engage in a relationship" and suggest Social Breathing as a model of immersing ourselves in the metaphorical social air around us, which is necessary for shared intention and joint action. We emphasize how emergent properties of social systems arise, such as the shared culture of groups, which cannot be reduced to the individuals involved. We argue that the processes involved in Social Breathing are: (1) automatic, (2) implicit, (3) temporal, (4) in the form of mutual bi-directional interwoven exchanges between social partners and (5) embodied in the coordination of the brains and behaviors of social partners. We summarize cross-disciplinary evidence suggesting that these processes involve a multi-person whole-brain-body network which is critical for the development of both we-ness and relational skills. We propose that Social Breathing depends on each individual's ability to sustain multimodal interwovenness, thus providing a theoretical link between social neuroscience and relational/multi-person psychology. We discuss how the model could guide research on autism, relationships, and psychotherapy.
我们探讨了“建立关系”意味着什么，并提出“社会呼吸”作为一种让我们沉浸在周围隐喻性社会氛围中的模式，这对于共享意图和联合行动是必要的。我们强调社会系统的涌现属性是如何产生的，比如群体的共享文化，它不能被简化为所涉及的个体。我们认为“社会呼吸”所涉及的过程包括：（1）自动的，（2）隐性的，（3）具有时间性的，（4）以社会伙伴之间相互双向交织的交流形式存在，以及（5）体现在社会伙伴大脑和行为的协调之中。我们总结了跨学科证据，表明这些过程涉及一个多人全脑 - 身体网络，这对于“我们感”和关系技能的发展至关重要。我们提出“社会呼吸”依赖于每个个体维持多模态交织的能力，从而在社会神经科学与关系/多人心理学之间提供了理论联系。我们讨论了该模型如何指导关于自闭症、人际关系和心理治疗的研究。
