Ellis Erica M, Borovsky Arielle, Elman Jeffrey L, Evans Julia L
Department of Communication Disorders, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
Front Psychol. 2021 Apr 9;12:600694. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.600694. eCollection 2021.
This study investigated whether the ability to utilize statistical regularities from fluent speech and map potential words to meaning at 18-months predicts vocabulary at 18- and again at 24-months.
Eighteen-month-olds ( = 47) were exposed to an artificial language with statistical regularities within the speech stream, then participated in an object-label learning task. Learning was measured using a modified looking-while-listening eye-tracking design. Parents completed vocabulary questionnaires when their child was 18-and 24-months old.
Ability to learn the object-label pairing for words after exposure to the artificial language predicted productive vocabulary at 24-months and amount of vocabulary change from 18- to 24 months, independent of non-verbal cognitive ability, socio-economic status (SES) and/or object-label association performance.
Eighteen-month-olds' ability to use statistical information derived from fluent speech to identify words within the stream of speech and then to map the "words" to meaning directly predicts vocabulary size at 24-months and vocabulary change from 18 to 24 months. The findings support the hypothesis that statistical word segmentation is one of the important aspects of word learning and vocabulary acquisition in toddlers.
本研究调查了18个月大时利用流利言语中的统计规律并将潜在词汇与意义进行映射的能力是否能预测18个月和24个月时的词汇量。
18个月大的婴儿（n = 47）接触了言语流中具有统计规律的人工语言，然后参与了一个物体标签学习任务。学习情况通过一种改进的听时注视眼动追踪设计进行测量。当孩子18个月和24个月大时，父母完成词汇问卷。
接触人工语言后学习单词与物体标签配对的能力预测了24个月时的产出性词汇量以及18个月至24个月期间的词汇量变化，且不受非言语认知能力、社会经济地位（SES）和/或物体标签关联表现的影响。
18个月大的婴儿利用从流利言语中获取的统计信息在言语流中识别单词并将“单词”直接与意义进行映射的能力，直接预测了24个月时的词汇量大小以及18个月至24个月期间的词汇量变化。这些发现支持了统计性单词切分是幼儿单词学习和词汇习得重要方面之一的假设。
