Aslin Richard N
University of Rochester.
Infancy. 2014 Jan-Feb;19(1):2-27. doi: 10.1111/infa.12036.
Acquiring knowledge about the underlying structures of the environment presents a number of challenges for a naive learner. These challenges include the absence of reinforcement to guide learning, the presence of numerous information sources from which only a select few are relevant, and the uncertainty about when an underlying structure may have undergone a change. A crucial implication of these challenges is that the naive learner must make implicit decisions about when to generalize to novel inputs and when to restrict generalization because there are multiple underlying structures. An historical perspective on these challenges is presented and some potential solutions are proposed.
对于一个毫无经验的学习者来说，了解环境的潜在结构面临着诸多挑战。这些挑战包括缺乏强化学习的引导、存在大量信息源但只有少数相关、以及潜在结构何时可能发生变化的不确定性。这些挑战的一个关键影响是，由于存在多种潜在结构，毫无经验的学习者必须就何时推广到新输入以及何时限制推广做出隐含决策。本文给出了对这些挑战的历史观点，并提出了一些潜在的解决方案。
