Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Front Immunol. 2021 Apr 7;12:667830. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667830. eCollection 2021.
Macrophages are critical mediators of tissue vascularization both in health and disease. In multiple tissues, macrophages have been identified as important regulators of both blood and lymphatic vessel growth, specifically following tissue injury and in pathological inflammatory responses. In development, macrophages have also been implicated in limiting vascular growth. Hence, macrophages provide an important therapeutic target to modulate tissue vascularization in the clinic. However, the molecular mechanisms how macrophages mediate tissue vascularization are still not entirely resolved. Furthermore, mechanisms might also vary among different tissues. Here we review the role of macrophages in tissue vascularization with a focus on their role in blood and lymphatic vessel formation in the barrier tissues cornea and skin. Comparing mechanisms of macrophage-mediated hem- and lymphangiogenesis in the angiogenically privileged cornea and the physiologically vascularized skin provides an opportunity to highlight similarities but also tissue-specific differences, and to understand how macrophage-mediated hem- and lymphangiogenesis can be exploited for the treatment of disease, including corneal wound healing after injury, graft rejection after corneal transplantation or pathological vascularization of the skin.
巨噬细胞是组织血管生成的关键介质，无论是在健康状态还是疾病状态下。在多种组织中，巨噬细胞已被确定为血液和淋巴管生长的重要调节因子，特别是在组织损伤和病理性炎症反应后。在发育过程中，巨噬细胞也被认为可以限制血管生长。因此，巨噬细胞为临床调节组织血管生成提供了一个重要的治疗靶点。然而，巨噬细胞介导组织血管生成的分子机制仍不完全清楚。此外，机制也可能因组织而异。本文综述了巨噬细胞在组织血管生成中的作用，重点关注其在屏障组织角膜和皮肤中的血液和淋巴管形成中的作用。比较在血管生成优势的角膜和生理性血管化的皮肤中，巨噬细胞介导的血管生成和淋巴管生成的机制，为突出相似性但也突出组织特异性差异提供了机会，并为理解巨噬细胞介导的血管生成和淋巴管生成如何被用于治疗疾病提供了机会，包括损伤后角膜伤口愈合、角膜移植后移植物排斥或皮肤病理性血管化。
