Shaw Jamie
IHPST, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Eur J Philos Sci. 2021;11(2):37. doi: 10.1007/s13194-021-00361-w. Epub 2021 Apr 17.
From the 1970s onwards, Feyerabend argues against the freedom of science. This will seem strange to some, as his epistemological anarchism is often taken to suggest that scientists should be free of even the most basic and obvious norms of science. His argument against the freedom of science is heavily influenced by his case study of the interference of Chinese communists in mainland China during the 1950s wherein the government forced local universities to continue researching traditional Chinese medicine rather than Western medicine. Feyerabend claims this move was justifiable and, eventually, vindicated by the resulting research which was beneficial for locals and the West at large. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview and analysis on Feyerabend's views on the freedom of science and his social commentary on US science funding policy that follows therefrom. This proves to be exceedingly difficult because Feyerabend's writings on the subject are filled with gaps, unnoticed tensions, and cognitive dissonance. Still, I think Feyerabend's scattered insights and the contradictions that emerge lead to an interesting microcosm of the issues contained in the freedom of science debate.
从20世纪70年代起,费耶阿本德开始反对科学的自由。这对一些人来说可能显得奇怪,因为他的认识论无政府主义常常被认为意味着科学家甚至应该摆脱最基本、最明显的科学规范。他反对科学自由的论点深受他对20世纪50年代中国共产党人在中国大陆进行干预的案例研究的影响,当时政府迫使当地大学继续研究中医而非西医。费耶阿本德声称这一举措是合理的,最终,由此产生的研究证明了其合理性,这些研究对当地人和整个西方都有益。本文的目的是全面概述和分析费耶阿本德关于科学自由的观点以及他由此对美国科学资助政策的社会评论。事实证明这极其困难,因为费耶阿本德关于这一主题的著作存在诸多漏洞、未被注意到的矛盾以及认知失调。尽管如此,我认为费耶阿本德零散的见解以及由此产生的矛盾构成了科学自由辩论中诸多问题的一个有趣缩影。