Applebaum Jennifer W, Ellison Carlyn, Struckmeyer Linda, Zsembik Barbara A, McDonald Shelby E
Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Front Public Health. 2021 Apr 9;9:652610. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.652610. eCollection 2021.
The social and behavioral health of older adults is of particular concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is estimated that at least 50% of older adults in the U.S. have pets; while pets may be a source of support, they could also pose unique challenges during an already trying time. We aimed to investigate how pets impacted the everyday lives of older adults in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. A large survey of U.S. pet owners ( = 2,068) was administered to assess the impact of relationships with pets during COVID-19 on human health and well-being. We conducted bivariate analyses to compare levels of social support, loneliness, pet attachment, and family income for a subset of older adults (ages 65 and older) with a younger comparison group (ages 18-64). Using thematic and content analysis, we analyzed two open-ended prompts from age 65+ respondents ( = 122): (1) the pros and cons of living with pets during the pandemic, and (2) advice for those living with pets in future pandemics. Older adults, on average, reported lower levels of social support and less loneliness than respondents below age 65. There were no significant differences in strength of attachment to pets nor income between the younger and older respondents. For the open-ended prompt regarding pros and cons, we coded three emerging themes and related sub-themes: (1) pros (company; more time together; life purpose or meaning; love; support; stress relief; routine; distraction; exercise), (2) cons (general worry; potential for illness; limited participation; veterinary care access; obtaining supplies; difficulty meeting pet needs; financial concerns), and (3) no difference. Advice shared was coded into 13 themes/sub-themes: pets' health and welfare; make plans; veterinary information; treat pets like family; don't abandon pets; human health and well-being; stay calm; enjoy pets; keep routine; be careful of transmission; seek community resources; keep supplies stocked; and finances. Pets may fulfill some social and emotional needs for older adults during this particularly isolating event; equally important to consider are the challenges that may be precipitated by and/or exacerbated by this public health emergency.
在新冠疫情期间,老年人的社会和行为健康尤其令人担忧。据估计,美国至少50%的老年人养宠物;虽然宠物可能是一种支持来源,但在这个已经艰难的时期,它们也可能带来独特的挑战。我们旨在调查在新冠疫情早期,宠物如何影响老年人的日常生活。对美国宠物主人(n = 2068)进行了一项大型调查,以评估新冠疫情期间与宠物的关系对人类健康和幸福的影响。我们进行了双变量分析,以比较一部分老年人(65岁及以上)与较年轻的对照组(18 - 64岁)在社会支持、孤独感、宠物依恋和家庭收入水平方面的差异。通过主题和内容分析,我们分析了65岁及以上受访者(n = 122)的两个开放式问题:(1)疫情期间与宠物一起生活的利弊,以及(2)对未来疫情期间与宠物一起生活的人的建议。平均而言,老年人报告的社会支持水平低于65岁以下的受访者,孤独感也更少。年轻和年长受访者在对宠物的依恋强度和收入方面没有显著差异。对于关于利弊的开放式问题,我们编码了三个新出现的主题及相关子主题:(1)好处(陪伴;更多相处时间;生活目的或意义;爱;支持;缓解压力;日常规律;消遣;锻炼),(2)坏处(一般担忧;患病可能性;参与受限;获得兽医护理;获取物资;满足宠物需求困难;经济担忧),以及(3)无差异。分享的建议被编码为十三个主题/子主题:宠物的健康和福利;制定计划;兽医信息;像对待家人一样对待宠物;不要抛弃宠物;人类健康和幸福;保持冷静;享受宠物;保持日常规律;小心传播;寻求社区资源;储备物资;以及财务。在这个特别孤立的事件中,宠物可能满足老年人的一些社会和情感需求;同样重要的是要考虑到这个公共卫生紧急事件可能引发和/或加剧的挑战。