Dissing Agnete Skovlund, Andersen Thea Otte, Nørup Liv Nielsen, Clark Alice, Nejsum Miriam, Rod Naja Hulvej
Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
The Danish Broadcasting Corporation, Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
J Sleep Res. 2021 Dec;30(6):e13356. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13356. Epub 2021 Apr 26.
The around-the-clock smartphone use and its relation to disturbed sleep is a public health concern. The present study aimed to quantify the effects of different dimensions of smartphone behaviours (frequency of daytime use, problematic use, use before sleep and use during the sleep period) on disturbed sleep (sleep quality and sleep quantity) and to disentangle their inter-relationship in a large population-based sample of 24,856 Danish adults aged ≥16 years. Data come from the SmartSleep Experiment, which is a web-based survey carried out using a citizen science approach. Tested items were used to evaluate smartphone use and disturbed sleep was evaluated with the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire (KSQ). Linear and multinomial logistic regression was employed to evaluate the relationship between smartphone use and disturbed sleep. While several of the smartphone measures were associated with disturbed sleep when assessed individually, smartphone use during the sleep period was the only dimension consistently associated with disturbed sleep when assessed independently of other smartphone behaviours. Weekly smartphone use during the sleep period versus no use was associated on average with a 0.96 point higher score (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90-1.02) on the 5-point KSQ scale, and a higher risk of both short (odds ratio [OR] 1.32, 95% CI 1.08-1.62) and long (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.63-2.32) sleep duration. Smartphone use during the sleep period is the factor strongest associated to disturbed sleep relative to other dimensions of smartphone use. Recommendations around smartphone use during the sleep period are warranted in order to protect the fundamentally important biological and mental processes of sleep.
全天候使用智能手机及其与睡眠障碍的关系是一个公共卫生问题。本研究旨在量化智能手机使用不同维度（白天使用频率、问题使用、睡前使用和睡眠期间使用）对睡眠障碍（睡眠质量和睡眠时间）的影响，并在一个基于人群的24856名年龄≥16岁的丹麦成年人的大样本中理清它们之间的相互关系。数据来自SmartSleep实验，这是一项采用公民科学方法进行的基于网络的调查。使用测试项目来评估智能手机使用情况，并使用卡罗林斯卡睡眠问卷（KSQ）评估睡眠障碍。采用线性和多项逻辑回归来评估智能手机使用与睡眠障碍之间的关系。虽然单独评估时，一些智能手机使用指标与睡眠障碍相关，但在独立于其他智能手机行为进行评估时，睡眠期间使用智能手机是唯一始终与睡眠障碍相关的维度。睡眠期间每周使用智能手机与不使用相比，在5分的KSQ量表上平均得分高0.96分（95%置信区间[CI]0.90 - 1.02），并且短睡眠时间（优势比[OR]1.32，95%CI 1.08 - 1.62）和长睡眠时间（OR 1.94，95%CI 1.63 - 2.32）的风险更高。相对于智能手机使用的其他维度，睡眠期间使用智能手机是与睡眠障碍关联最强的因素。为了保护睡眠这一至关重要的生理和心理过程，有必要针对睡眠期间使用智能手机给出相关建议。
