Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Semyung University, Jecheon, South Korea.
Professor, College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
J Nurs Scholarsh. 2021 Sep;53(5):595-603. doi: 10.1111/jnu.12666. Epub 2021 Apr 25.
This study aimed to compare effort-reward imbalance (ERI) among registered nurses, social workers, and elementary school teachers, and to analyze the effects of ERI on satisfaction with working conditions and sleep-related problems.
A secondary data analysis was conducted using cross-sectional data from the Korean Working Conditions Survey collected in 2017. The study sample included 276 registered nurses, 97 social workers, and 229 elementary school teachers.
The effort index was measured using two dimensions (work intensity and working time quality) with seven subdimensions. The reward index consisted of three dimensions (social support, earning, and prospects) with five subdimensions. The ERI index was computed by dividing the average effort score by the average reward score. Linear or logistic regression analysis was conducted to compare efforts, rewards, and ERI among the three occupations and to examine the effects of ERI on satisfaction and sleep-related problems.
Nurses had a significantly higher effort score than the other two groups. However, nurses had a lower reward score than elementary school teachers, but a higher score than social workers. The highest ERI index was found among nurses (0.47 ± 0.16), followed by social workers (0.39 ± 0.30) and elementary school teachers (0.30 ± 0.15). All three occupations showed an inverse relationship between ERI and satisfaction with working conditions and positive relationships between ERI and sleep-related problems.
The high ERI (i.e., more effort relative to reward) perceived by nurses was associated with diminished satisfaction and increased sleep-related problems.
To attract future generations to nursing as a career choice and to ensure a sustainable nurse workforce, the nurse-perceived ERI should be decreased by reducing work demands and increasing both monetary and nonmonetary rewards.
本研究旨在比较注册护士、社会工作者和小学教师之间的工作努力-回报失衡（ERI），并分析 ERI 对工作条件满意度和睡眠相关问题的影响。
使用 2017 年韩国工作条件调查的横断面数据进行二次数据分析。研究样本包括 276 名注册护士、97 名社会工作者和 229 名小学教师。
努力指数通过七个子维度的两个维度（工作强度和工作时间质量）进行测量。回报指数包括三个维度（社会支持、收入和前景）和五个子维度。ERI 指数通过将平均努力得分除以平均回报得分来计算。线性或逻辑回归分析用于比较三种职业的努力、回报和 ERI，并检验 ERI 对满意度和睡眠相关问题的影响。
护士的努力得分明显高于其他两组。然而，护士的回报得分低于小学教师，但高于社会工作者。护士的 ERI 指数最高（0.47±0.16），其次是社会工作者（0.39±0.30）和小学教师（0.30±0.15）。三种职业的 ERI 与工作条件满意度呈负相关，与睡眠相关问题呈正相关。
护士感知到的高 ERI（即相对回报的努力更多）与工作满意度降低和睡眠相关问题增加有关。
为了吸引未来几代人选择护理作为职业，并确保有可持续的护士劳动力，应通过减少工作需求和增加货币和非货币奖励来降低护士感知到的 ERI。
