护士的工作要求与回报对疲惫和睡眠障碍的影响：聚焦于与其他轮班工作者的比较。
Effects of Work Demands and Rewards of Nurses on Exhaustion and Sleep Disturbance: Focusing on Comparison With Other Shift Workers.
作者信息
Hong Kyung Jin
机构信息
College of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chunchen, South Korea.
出版信息
Nurs Open. 2025 Apr;12(4):e70207. doi: 10.1002/nop2.70207.
AIMS AND BACKGROUND
Shift work nurses' heavy work demands and insufficient rewards were leading causes of nurses' turnover and personnel instability. However, their workload and rewards have been insufficiently investigated. This study examined shift work nurses' work demands and rewards and compared them with other shift workers, particularly police, fire and prison workers. It also reported their degree of exhaustion owing to work and sleep disturbance.
DESIGN
A secondary data analysis was conducted using cross-sectional data from the Korean Working Conditions Survey collected in 2020.
METHODS
The instrument was based on the European Working Condition Survey. The shift workers were selected as participants. The sample included 169 registered nurses and 94 police, fire and prison workers. The Work demands were examined according to overtime work, work intensity and emotional workload. The Reward, including leadership, was evaluated using eight items. The dependent variables, exhaustion and sleep disturbance, were measured using two and three items, respectively.
RESULTS
Nurses' average weekly working hours were 41.93. This value was significantly lower than that of police, fire and prison workers (46.76) (p < 0.001). However, nurses' overall work demands and the sub-categories of job intensity and emotional workload were higher. For the reward index, nurses' mean score was 61.14, lower than the average of 67.03 for police, fire and prison workers (p = 0.009). Finally, work intensity and emotional workload increase exhaustion and sleep disturbance. In contrast, rewards decrease these effects.
CONCLUSIONS
Appropriate rewards should be offered considering registered nurses' excessive job intensity and emotional workload. Rewards could be financial, such as overtime or night shift allowances, or non-monetary, such as expanding promotion opportunities.
PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION
Nursing policies to mandate adequate staffing levels to relieve work demands and monitor the provision of sufficient rewards will also be required.
目的与背景
轮班护士繁重的工作需求和不足的回报是护士离职和人员不稳定的主要原因。然而，他们的工作量和回报尚未得到充分研究。本研究调查了轮班护士的工作需求和回报，并将其与其他轮班工作者，特别是警察、消防员和监狱工作人员进行比较。研究还报告了他们因工作和睡眠障碍导致的疲惫程度。
设计
使用2020年韩国工作条件调查的横断面数据进行二次数据分析。
方法
该工具基于欧洲工作条件调查。选择轮班工作者作为参与者。样本包括169名注册护士以及94名警察、消防员和监狱工作人员。根据加班工作、工作强度和情感工作量来考察工作需求。使用八个项目对包括领导力在内的回报进行评估。分别使用两个和三个项目来测量疲惫和睡眠障碍这两个因变量。
结果
护士平均每周工作时长为41.93小时。该数值显著低于警察、消防员和监狱工作人员的工作时长（46.76小时）（p < 0.001）。然而，护士的总体工作需求以及工作强度和情感工作量的子类别更高。对于回报指数，护士的平均得分为61.14，低于警察、消防员和监狱工作人员的平均得分67.03（p = 0.009）。最后，工作强度和情感工作量会增加疲惫和睡眠障碍。相比之下，回报会减少这些影响。
结论
应考虑到注册护士过高的工作强度和情感工作量提供适当的回报。回报可以是金钱方面的，如加班或夜班津贴，也可以是非金钱方面的，如扩大晋升机会。
公众贡献
还需要制定护理政策，规定足够的人员配备水平以减轻工作需求，并监督是否提供了足够的回报。
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