Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Anim Sci J. 2021 Jan-Dec;92(1):e13557. doi: 10.1111/asj.13557.
The greatest improvement in carbohydrates studies on pig nutrition and health is that carbohydrates are classified more clearly, which is based not only on their chemical structure but also on their physiological characteristics. Besides its primary energy source, different types and structures of carbohydrates are a benefit for nutrition and health functions in pigs, which are involved in promoting growth performance and intestinal functions, regulating the community of gut microbiota, and modulating the lipids and glucose metabolism. The underlying mechanism of carbohydrates regulates the lipids and glucose metabolism through their metabolites (short-chain fatty acids [SCFAs]) and mainly via the SCFAs-GPR43/41-PYY/GLP1, SCFAs-AMP/ATP-AMPK, and SCFAs-AMPK-G6Pase/PEPCK pathways. Emerging research had evaluated an optimal combination in different types and structures of carbohydrates, which could enhance growth performance and nutrient digestibility, promote intestinal functions, and increase the abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria in pigs. Overall, compelling evidence supports the notion that carbohydrates play important roles in both nutrition and health functions in pigs. Moreover, identifying the carbohydrates combinations will be of both theoretical and practical values for developing the technology of carbohydrates balance in pigs.
碳水化合物研究在猪营养和健康方面的最大进展是，碳水化合物的分类更加明确，不仅基于其化学结构，还基于其生理特性。除了作为主要的能量来源外，不同类型和结构的碳水化合物对猪的营养和健康功能也有好处，包括促进生长性能和肠道功能、调节肠道微生物群落以及调节脂质和葡萄糖代谢。碳水化合物通过其代谢物（短链脂肪酸[SCFAs]）主要通过 SCFAs-GPR43/41-PYY/GLP1、SCFAs-AMP/ATP-AMPK 和 SCFAs-AMPK-G6Pase/PEPCK 途径来调节脂质和葡萄糖代谢。新的研究评估了不同类型和结构的碳水化合物的最佳组合，这可以提高生长性能和养分消化率，促进肠道功能，并增加猪中产丁酸菌的丰度。总的来说，有强有力的证据支持碳水化合物在猪的营养和健康功能中都起着重要作用的观点。此外，确定碳水化合物的组合对于开发猪碳水化合物平衡技术具有理论和实践价值。
