Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.
Liver Int. 2021 Jul;41(7):1474-1488. doi: 10.1111/liv.14911. Epub 2021 May 11.
This working group of the International Society of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism (ISHEN) was commissioned to summarize and update current efforts in the development and characterization of animal models of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). As defined in humans, HE in animal models is based on the underlying degree and severity of liver pathology. Although hyperammonemia remains the key focus in the pathogenesis of HE, other factors associated with HE have been identified, together with recommended animal models, to help explore the pathogenesis and pathophysiological mechanisms of HE. While numerous methods to induce liver failure and disease exist, less have been characterized with neurological and neurobehavioural impairments. Moreover, there still remains a paucity of adequate animal models of Type C HE induced by alcohol, viruses and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; the most common etiologies of chronic liver disease.
本工作组由国际肝脏性脑病和氮代谢学会（ISHEN）组织成立，负责总结和更新目前在肝脏性脑病（HE）动物模型的开发和特征描述方面的研究进展。在动物模型中，HE 的定义基于潜在的肝脏病理学程度和严重程度。尽管血氨升高仍然是 HE 发病机制的关键关注点，但已确定了与 HE 相关的其他因素，并推荐了相应的动物模型，以帮助探索 HE 的发病机制和病理生理机制。虽然有许多诱导肝衰竭和疾病的方法，但只有较少的方法能够导致神经和神经行为学损伤。此外，仍然缺乏足够的酒精、病毒和非酒精性脂肪性肝病引起的 C 型 HE 动物模型；这些是慢性肝病最常见的病因。
