Department of Anthropology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
The Field Museum of Natural History, Keller Science Action Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Ecol Food Nutr. 2022 Jan-Feb;61(1):20-42. doi: 10.1080/03670244.2021.1916925. Epub 2021 Apr 26.
Undernutrition and overnutrition are interconnected. Yet few studies have examined the "double burden of malnutrition" (DBM) over time in indigenous communities. We investigated changes in the food systems and nutritional health of Awajún communities in the Peruvian Amazon in the 1970s and in 2013. Methods included ethnography, 24 hr food recalls, and biological measures. In 2013, the number of traditional foods consumed decreased to 10% of levels in the 1970s and the number of market foods consumed increased 40-fold. Rates of anemia and obesity were also substantially higher in 2013 compared to the 1970s (23% vs 6% for anemia and 30% vs. 0% for obesity) indicating a DBM has emerged. Examining the predictors of hemoglobin levels and body mass indices in the 2013 sample reveals that this DBM is differentially impacting women and that risk for obesity among the Awajún is associated with multiple proxies of market integration beyond just the consumption of market foods. These findings highlight the complex pathways by which rapid lifestyle changes are creating gendered health inequalities within indigenous communities over time.
营养不良和营养过剩是相互关联的。然而，很少有研究在时间上考察土著社区的“双重营养不良负担”（DBM）。我们调查了秘鲁亚马逊地区 Awajún 社区的食物系统和营养健康在 20 世纪 70 年代和 2013 年的变化。方法包括民族志、24 小时食物回忆和生物测量。2013 年，传统食物的消费数量下降到 1970 年代的 10%，而市场食物的消费数量增加了 40 倍。与 20 世纪 70 年代相比，2013 年贫血和肥胖的发病率也显著更高（贫血分别为 23%和 6%，肥胖分别为 30%和 0%），表明 DBM 已经出现。在 2013 年的样本中，分析血红蛋白水平和体重指数的预测因子表明，这种 DBM 对女性有不同的影响，而 Awajún 人群的肥胖风险与市场整合的多个代表物有关，而不仅仅是市场食物的消费。这些发现强调了快速生活方式变化通过复杂的途径在时间上在土著社区内造成性别健康不平等的方式。
