College of Food Science, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China.
J Agric Food Chem. 2021 May 5;69(17):4935-4945. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00784. Epub 2021 Apr 27.
Hypercholesterolemia, one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, is a worldwide public health problem. Nutraceuticals and phytochemicals are attracting attention as a result of their cholesterol-lowering ability and minimal side effects. Among them, selenium (Se) is on the list. The amount of Se in foods varies by region. Se-enriched fertilizers and feeds can raise the Se content in plants and animals, while some processing methods decrease food Se content. This review summarizes recent studies on (1) the content distribution of Se in foods and factors influencing Se-enriched foods, (2) the bioavailability and metabolism of Se, and (3) the role of Se in affecting blood cholesterol and cholesterol metabolism. Although the hypocholesterolemic effect of Se is equivocal, its cholesterol-lowering activity may be more remarkable when the Se supplementation is 200 μg/day or the baseline blood total cholesterol is above 200 mg/dL in humans with low Se status.
高胆固醇血症是心血管疾病的主要危险因素之一，也是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。由于具有降低胆固醇的能力且副作用极小，营养保健品和植物化学物质正受到关注。其中，硒（Se）就是受到关注的一种元素。食物中的硒含量因地区而异。富硒肥料和饲料可以提高植物和动物中的硒含量，而某些加工方法会降低食物中的硒含量。本综述总结了最近关于（1）食物中硒的含量分布和影响富硒食品的因素，（2）硒的生物利用度和代谢，以及（3）硒在影响血液胆固醇和胆固醇代谢中的作用的研究。尽管硒的降胆固醇作用尚存在争议，但在低硒状态人群中，当硒的补充量为 200μg/天或基础血总胆固醇水平高于 200mg/dL 时，其降胆固醇活性可能更为显著。
