Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare Network, 5501 Old York Road, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA.
Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, Tompkins East TE-2, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2021 May;31(2):193-203. doi: 10.1016/j.nic.2021.02.003.
Primary or nontraumatic spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) comprises approximately 15% to 20% of all stroke. ICH has a mortality of approximately 40% within the first month, and 75% mortality and morbidity rate within the first year. Despite reduction in overall stroke incidence, hemorrhagic stroke incidence has remained steady since 1980. Neuroimaging is critical in detection of ICH, determining the underlying cause, identification of patients at risk of hematoma expansion, and directing the treatment strategy. This article discusses the neuroimaging methods of ICH, imaging markers for clinical outcome prediction, and future research directions with attention to the latest evidence-based guidelines.
原发性或非外伤性自发性脑出血（ICH）约占所有中风的 15%至 20%。ICH 患者在发病后的第一个月内的死亡率约为 40%，而在发病后的第一年的死亡率和致残率约为 75%。尽管总体中风发病率有所下降，但自 1980 年以来，出血性中风的发病率一直保持稳定。神经影像学在 ICH 的检测、确定潜在病因、识别血肿扩大风险患者以及指导治疗策略方面至关重要。本文讨论了 ICH 的神经影像学方法、用于临床预后预测的影像学标志物，以及未来的研究方向，同时关注最新的循证指南。
