Smithsonian Institution, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Washington, DC, 20013, United States of America. Research Institute Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt/Main, Germany..
Zootaxa. 2021 Apr 15;4960(1):zootaxa.4960.1.1. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4960.1.1.
From the Schrattenkalk Formation (upper Barremian-lower Aptian) of southern Germany, western Austria, and Switzerland, new coral material is taxonomically described, belonging to 56 species from 35 genera of 21 families: Actinastrea pseudominima (Koby); A. subornata (d'Orbigny); Paretallonia bendukidzeae Sikharulidze; Eugyra (Felixigyra) crassa (de Fromentel) (new combination); E. (F.) patruliusi (Morycowa); E. (F.) picteti (Koby) (new combination); E. rariseptata Morycowa; Myriophyllia propria Sikharulidze; Thecosmilia dichotoma Koby; Clausastrea plana (de Fromentel); Complexastrea cf. lobata Geyer; Paraclausastrea chevalieri Zlatarski; P. kaufmanni (Koby); P. vorarlbergensis Baron-Szabo; ?Montlivaltia sp.; Diplogyra subplanotabulata Sikharulidze; Hydnophora styriaca (Michelin); Dermosmilia fiagdonensis Starostina Krasnov; D. cf. laxata (Étallon); D. trichotoma Eguchi; D. tuapensis Baron-Szabo Gonzalez.-León; Placophyllia grata Bugrova; Cairnsipsammia merbeleri Baron-Szabo; Morphastrea ludovici (Michelin) (emended herein); Ahrdorffia ornata (Morycowa); Astraeofungia tirnovoriana (Toula) (new combination); Actinaraea (Camptodocis) brancai (Dietrich); A. tenuis Morycowa; Rhipidomeandra bugrovae Morycowa Masse; Comoseris aptiensis Baron-Szabo; Comoseris jireceki Toula; Polyphylloseris mammillata Eguchi; Ellipsocoenia barottei (de Fromentel) (new combination); Ellipsocoenia haimei (de Fromentel) (new combination); Dimorphastrea tenustriata de Fromentel; Latomeandra cf. plicata (Goldfuss); Microphyllia gemina Eliášová; Thalamocaeniopsis stricta (Milne Edwards Haime)(new combination); Trigerastraea haldonensis (Duncan) (new combination); Heliocoenia rozkowskae Morycowa; H. vadosa (Počta); Stylosmilia corallina Koby; Cyathophora decipiens ramosa (Hackemesser) (new combination); C. mirtschinkae Kuzmicheva; Cladophyllia clemencia de Fromentel; C. conybearei Milne Edwards Haime; C. crenata (Blanckenhorn); C. furcifera Roemer; C. rollieri (Koby); C. stutzi (Koby) (new combination); Amphiaulastrea conferta (Ogilvie); A. rarauensis (Morycowa); Heterocoenia inflexa (Eichwald); H. minima d'Orbigny; Acanthogyra aptiana Turnšek; as well as the new species Columnocoenia falkenbergensis. In addition, all the information about previously described taxa from the Schrattenkalk was evaluated with regard to their taxonomic assignment, stratigraphic and paleogeographic distribution, and paleoenvironmental relationships to faunas from other geographic areas and time periods. A total of 122 species belonging to 53 genera and 24 families are recognized from Schrattenkalk localities (western Austria, southern Germany, Switzerland). These include the taxa of both the Lower and Upper Schrattenkalk, and the intercalated Rawil Member. The Schrattenkalk coral fauna nearly exclusively consists of colonial forms of three general categories of polyp integration: cerioid-plocoid (33.6%); branching (18%); and (hydno-) meandroid-thamnasterioid (46.7%). Only two specimens were doubtfully assigned to solitary taxa. Corallite diameters range from less than 1 mm to over 20 mm and fall into three major corallite-size groups: small (up to 2.4 mm), medium (2.4-9.5 mm), and large (9.5 mm). The fauna is distinctly dominated by forms with medium-size corallites (68%), followed by forms having small-size corallites (26%). Together with the potential solitary taxa, corals with large-size corallites are of minimal importance to the total fauna. On the genus-level, the Schrattenkalk corals show closest affinities to coral assemblages of central (especially France; 55%), eastern and southern Europe (44‒49%), as well as Central America (47%). On the species-level, closest affinities are to coral assemblages of central, southeastern, and eastern Europe (16‒25.5%), as well as Central America (14%), but nearly a third of the Schrattenkalk species (30%) was restricted to the upper Barremian-lower Aptian of the Schrattenkalk Formation; this suggests that the Schrattenkalk platform sensu lato was a diversity center and a crucial reservoir for coral recruitment. The majority (86%) of the Schrattenkalk corals thrived in a shallow-water, reefal to perireefal, subtropical marine environment. In general, the Schrattenkalk coral assemblages are characteristic of moderate- to high-energy environments of the inner shelf to shore zone, having morphotype associations that typically prevail down to 10-15 m depth. In contrast, for the Upper Schrattenkalk coral fauna of central Switzerland (Hergiswil), a non-reefal paleoenvironment at a depth of several tens of meters is suggested by the morphotypes of the taxa and types of microfacies present. The corals of the Schrattenkalk Formation occurred in both photozoan (Lower and Upper Schrattenkalk members) and heterozoan (Rawil member) carbonate-producing communities. With regard to taxonomic diversity, the Schrattenkalk coral fauna is comparable to the most species-rich Upper Jurassic reef assemblages and represents the last major coral-reef development of the Mesozoic.
从德国南部、奥地利西部和瑞士的施拉滕卡尔夫阶（上巴雷姆统-下阿普特统），描述了新的珊瑚材料，属于 21 科 35 属的 56 个物种：假小泡孔珊瑚（Koby）；亚珊瑚（d'Orbigny）； Bendukidzeae Sikharulidze 帕雷塔洛尼亚；厚叶海葵（Felixigyra）粗（de Fromentel）（新组合）；E.（F.）patruliusi（Morycowa）；E.（F.）picteti（Koby）（新组合）；E. rariseptata Morycowa；Myriophyllia propria Sikharulidze；Thecosmilia dichotoma Koby；Clausastrea plana（de Fromentel）；Complexastrea cf. lobata Geyer；Paraclausastrea chevalieri Zlatarski；P. kaufmanni（Koby）；P. vorarlbergensis Baron-Szabo；？Montlivaltia sp.；Diplogyra subplanotabulata Sikharulidze；Hydnophora styriaca（Michelin）；Dermosmilia fiagdonensis Starostina Krasnov；D. cf. laxata（Étallon）；D. trichotoma Eguchi；D. tuapensis Baron-Szabo Gonzalez.-León；Placophyllia grata Bugrova；Cairnsipsammia merbeleri Baron-Szabo；Ludovici 海葵（Michelin）（本文修订）；Ahrdorffia ornata（Morycowa）；Tirnovoriana 棘星珊瑚（Toula）（新组合）；Actinaraea（Camptodocis）brancai（Dietrich）；A. tenuis Morycowa；Rhipidomeandra bugrovae Morycowa Masse；Comoseris aptiensis Baron-Szabo；Jirecekki 角珊瑚（Toula）；多叶鹿角珊瑚（Eguchi）；Ellipsocoenia barottei（de Fromentel）（新组合）；Ellipsocoenia haimei（de Fromentel）（新组合）；Tenustriata 厚叶海葵（de Fromentel）；Latomeandra cf. plicata（Goldfuss）；Microphyllia gemina Eliášová；Stricta（Milne Edwards Haime）（新组合）；Halldonensis 扳机珊瑚（Duncan）（新组合）；Rozkowskae 海葵（Morycowa）；Vadosa（Počta）；珊瑚（Koby）；Cyathophora decipiens ramosa（Hackemesser）（新组合）；C. mirtschinkae Kuzmicheva；Clemencia 克利马珊瑚（de Fromentel）；C. conybearei Milne Edwards Haime；C. crenata（Blanckenhorn）；C. furcifera Roemer；C. rollieri（Koby）；C. stutzi（Koby）（新组合）；Conferta Amphiaulastrea（Ogilvie）；Raraunensis（Morycowa）；Inflexa Heterocoenia（Eichwald）；Minima d'Orbigny；Acanthogyra aptiana Turnšek；以及新种 Falkenbergensis 柱孔珊瑚。此外，还对来自施拉滕卡尔夫阶（奥地利西部、德国南部、瑞士）的以前描述的分类群的所有信息进行了评估，包括其分类归属、地层和古地理分布以及与其他地理区域和时期的动物群的古生态关系。在施拉滕卡尔夫阶（奥地利西部、德国南部、瑞士）的地方发现了 122 种属于 53 属和 24 科的珊瑚。这些包括下施拉滕卡尔夫阶和上施拉滕卡尔夫阶以及夹在中间的拉威尔阶的分类群。施拉滕卡尔夫阶的珊瑚群几乎完全由三种主要的珊瑚虫整合形式的群体形式组成：珊瑚（cerioid-plocoid）（33.6%）；分枝（18%）；和（hydno-）meandroid-thamnasterioid（46.7%）。只有两个标本被怀疑属于单独的分类群。珊瑚虫直径小于 1 毫米至超过 20 毫米，分为三个主要的珊瑚虫大小组：小（最大 2.4 毫米）、中（2.4-9.5 毫米）和大（9.5 毫米）。该动物群主要由中珊瑚虫大小的形式（68%）组成，其次是小珊瑚虫大小的形式（26%）。连同潜在的单独分类群，大珊瑚虫大小的珊瑚对总动物群的重要性最小。在属级水平上，施拉滕卡尔夫阶的珊瑚与法国（55%）、东欧和南欧（44%-49%）以及中美洲（47%）的珊瑚组合最密切相关。在种级水平上，与中、东南和东欧的珊瑚组合（16%-25.5%）以及中美洲（14%）的珊瑚组合最为密切相关，但施拉滕卡尔夫阶的三分之一（30%）的物种仅限于施拉滕卡尔夫阶的上巴雷姆统-下阿普特统；这表明施拉滕卡尔夫阶广义平台是一个多样性中心和珊瑚招募的重要储备库。大多数（86%）的施拉滕卡尔夫阶珊瑚在浅海、礁前到礁后、亚热带海洋环境中繁盛。一般来说，施拉滕卡尔夫阶的珊瑚组合以中等到高能环境为特征，具有典型的内陆架到岸区的形态型组合，通常在 10-15 米的深度以下存在。相比之下，对于瑞士中部（Hergiswil）的上施拉滕卡尔夫阶珊瑚动物群，根据存在的分类群的形态型和微相类型的组合，暗示了水深数十米的非礁前古环境。Schrattenkalk 形成的珊瑚存在于光生（下施拉滕卡尔夫阶和上施拉滕卡尔夫阶成员）和异生（拉威尔阶）碳酸盐生产群落中。就分类多样性而言，施拉滕卡尔夫阶的珊瑚动物群与最具物种多样性的上侏罗纪珊瑚礁组合相当，是中生代最后一次主要的珊瑚礁发育。
