Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Nat Cell Biol. 2021 May;23(5):450-456. doi: 10.1038/s41556-021-00669-y. Epub 2021 Apr 26.
Macroautophagic clearance of cytosolic materials entails the initiation, growth and closure of autophagosomes. Cargo triggers the assembly of a web of cargo receptors and core machinery. Autophagy-related protein 9 (ATG9) vesicles seed the growing autophagosomal membrane, which is supplied by de novo phospholipid synthesis, phospholipid transport via ATG2 proteins and lipid flipping by ATG9. Autophagosomes close via ESCRT complexes. Here, we review recent discoveries that illuminate the molecular mechanisms of autophagosome formation and discuss emerging questions in this rapidly developing field.
大自噬清除细胞质物质需要自噬体的起始、生长和闭合。货物触发货物受体和核心机械的网络组装。自噬相关蛋白 9 (ATG9) 囊泡启动生长中的自噬体膜的形成，这是由从头磷脂合成、通过 ATG2 蛋白的磷脂运输和 ATG9 的脂质翻转提供的。自噬体通过 ESCRT 复合物闭合。在这里，我们回顾了最近的发现，这些发现阐明了自噬体形成的分子机制，并讨论了这个快速发展领域中出现的新问题。
