Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Environ Res. 2021 Jun;197:111191. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111191. Epub 2021 Apr 24.
The cardiopulmonary effects of chemical constituents and sources of indoor fine particulate matter (PM) remain unclear.
To examine the individual and joint effects of constituents of indoor PM on cardiopulmonary function of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the role of identified sources.
This panel study recruited 43 stable COPD patients from November 2015 to May 2016 in Beijing, China. Daily indoor and outdoor PM were collected for five consecutive days simultaneously. Twenty-four elements were measured and principal component analysis was used for source appointment. Pulmonary function and blood pressure (BP) were also measured at daily visit. The linear mixed-effect models were used to estimate the effect of each constituent and source. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were used to estimate the overall effect of all measured constituents.
The combustion, indoor soil/dust and road dust sources were identified as the main sources of indoor PM and combustion sources contributed over 40% during the heating season. Most constituents were significantly associated with elevated BP of COPD patients and the joint effects of mixed exposures were also significant especially during the heating season. Most associations of chemical constituents with pulmonary function were negative but not statistically significant during the heating season, as was the joint effect. Few associations were observed during the non-heating season. Further, we observed combustion sources throughout the study period and road dust sources during the heating season were significantly associated with increased BP but not decreased pulmonary function.
The combustion and road dust sources and their related constituents of indoor PM could cause adverse effects on cardiovascular function of COPD patients especially during the heating season, but the effect on pulmonary function still needs to be further studied.
室内细颗粒物（PM）的化学成分和来源对心肺功能的影响尚不清楚。
研究室内 PM 成分对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者心肺功能的个体和联合影响，以及已确定来源的作用。
本队列研究于 2015 年 11 月至 2016 年 5 月在北京招募了 43 名稳定期 COPD 患者。连续 5 天同时采集室内外 PM 样本。测量了 24 种元素，并进行主成分分析以确定来源。每天就诊时还测量了肺功能和血压（BP）。采用线性混合效应模型估计各成分和来源的影响。采用贝叶斯核机器回归（BKMR）模型估计所有测量成分的综合效应。
识别出燃烧、室内土壤/灰尘和道路灰尘来源是室内 PM 的主要来源，燃烧源在供暖季节贡献超过 40%。大多数成分与 COPD 患者血压升高显著相关，混合暴露的联合作用在供暖季节也非常显著。在供暖季节，大多数化学成分与肺功能的关联呈负相关，但无统计学意义，联合作用也是如此。在非供暖季节观察到的关联较少。此外，我们在整个研究期间都观察到了燃烧源，而在供暖季节，道路灰尘源与血压升高显著相关，但与肺功能降低无关。
室内 PM 的燃烧源和道路灰尘源及其相关成分可能对 COPD 患者的心血管功能产生不良影响，尤其是在供暖季节，但对肺功能的影响仍需进一步研究。
