Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, 25120, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Ultra International Limited, Quality Control Laboratory, Sahibabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201010, India.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Sep 1;284:117119. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117119. Epub 2021 Apr 22.
The well-known toxicity of conventional chemical oil spill dispersants demands the development of alternative and environmentally friendly dispersant formulations. Therefore, in the present study we have developed a pair of less toxic and green dispersants by combining lactonic sophorolipid (LS) biosurfactant individually with choline myristate and choline oleate ionic liquid surfactants. The aggregation behavior of resulted surfactant blends and their dispersion effectiveness was investigated using the baffled flask test. The introduction of long hydrophobic alkyl chain with unsaturation (attached to choline cation) provided synergistic interactions between the binary surfactant mixtures. The maximum dispersion effectiveness was found to be 78.23% for 80:20 (w/w) lactonic sophorolipid-choline myristate blends, and 81.15% for 70:30 (w/w) lactonic sophorolipid-choline oleate blends at the dispersant-to-oil ratio of 1:25 (v/v). The high dispersion effectiveness of lactonic sophorolipid-choline oleate between two developed blends is attributed to the stronger synergistic interactions between surfactants and slower desorption rate of blend from oil-water interface. The distribution of dispersed oil droplets at several DOR were evaluated and it was observed that oil droplets become smaller with increasing DOR. In addition, the acute toxicity analysis of developed formulations against zebra fish (Danio rerio) confirmed their non-toxic behavior with LC values higher than 400 ppm after 96 h. Overall, the proposed new blends/formulations could effectively substitute the toxic and unsafe chemical dispersants.
传统化学溢油分散剂的毒性众所周知，因此需要开发替代的环保型分散剂配方。因此，在本研究中，我们通过将内酯型槐糖脂（LS）生物表面活性剂分别与肉豆蔻胆碱和油酰胆碱离子液体表面活性剂组合，开发了一对毒性较低且环保的分散剂。使用挡板瓶试验研究了所得表面活性剂混合物的聚集行为及其分散效果。引入带有不饱和（连接到胆碱阳离子）的长疏水性烷基链提供了二元表面活性剂混合物之间的协同相互作用。在分散剂与油的比例为 1:25（v/v）时，发现 80:20（w/w）内酯型槐糖脂-肉豆蔻胆碱混合物的最大分散效率为 78.23%，70:30（w/w）内酯型槐糖脂-油酰胆碱混合物的最大分散效率为 81.15%。两种开发的混合物中内酯型槐糖脂-油酰胆碱之间的高分散效率归因于表面活性剂之间更强的协同相互作用以及混合物从油水界面的解吸速率较慢。在几个 DOR 下评估了分散油滴的分布，结果表明随着 DOR 的增加油滴变得更小。此外，开发配方对斑马鱼（Danio rerio）的急性毒性分析证实，它们在 96 小时后 LC 值高于 400 ppm，表现出非毒性行为。总体而言，所提出的新混合物/配方可以有效地替代有毒和不安全的化学分散剂。
