Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia.
Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia.
Chemosphere. 2020 Jun;249:126125. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126125. Epub 2020 Feb 5.
The application of chemical dispersants in marine oil spill remediation is comprehensively reported across the globe. But, the augmented toxicity and poor biodegradability of reported chemical dispersants have created necessity for their replacement with the bio-based green dispersants. Therefore, in the present study, we have synthesized five ionic liquids (ILs) namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium lauroylsarcosinate, 1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(1-H-pyrrolidinium) dodecylbenzenesulfonate, tetrabutylammonium citrate, tetrabutylammonium polyphosphate and tetrabutylammonium ethoxylate oleyl ether glycolate, and formulated a water based ILs dispersant combining the synthesized ILs at specified compositions. The effectiveness of formulated ILs dispersant was found between 70.75% and 94.71% for the dispersion of various crude oils ranging from light to heavy. Further, the acute toxicity tests against zebra fish and grouper fish have revealed the practically non-toxic behaviour of formulated ILs dispersant with LC value greater than 100 ppm after 96 h. In addition, the formulated ILs dispersant has provided excellent biodegradability throughout the test period. Overall, the formulated new ILs dispersant is deemed to facilitate environmentally benign oil spill remediation and could effectively substitute the use of hazardous chemical dispersants in immediate future.
化学分散剂在海洋溢油补救中的应用在全球范围内得到了广泛报道。但是，所报道的化学分散剂的毒性增强和生物降解性差，这使得它们需要被生物基绿色分散剂所取代。因此，在本研究中，我们合成了五种离子液体（ILs），即 1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑啉月桂酰基肌氨酸盐、1,1'-(1,4-丁二基)双(1-H-吡咯烷)十二烷基苯磺酸盐、四丁基柠檬酸铵、四丁基磷酸铵和四丁基氧化烯醚油酸酯，并按特定比例将合成的 ILs 组合成一种基于水的 ILs 分散剂。所制备的 ILs 分散剂对于从轻质到重质的各种原油的分散效果在 70.75%至 94.71%之间。此外，急性毒性测试表明，斑马鱼和石斑鱼的 LC 值大于 100 ppm，96 h 后，所制备的 ILs 分散剂具有实际无毒的行为。此外，所制备的 ILs 分散剂在整个测试期间具有优异的生物降解性。总的来说，所制备的新型 ILs 分散剂有利于环境友好的溢油补救，并可在不久的将来有效替代危险的化学分散剂的使用。
