[根据欧洲健康调查看大衰退后西班牙和葡萄牙年轻老年人的自我感知健康状况：一项横断面研究]
[Self-perceived health in Spanish and Portuguese young seniors after the great recession according to the European Health Survey: A cross-sectional study].
作者信息
Pereira-de-Sousa Ana M, López-Rodríguez Juan A
机构信息
Departamento de Especialidades Médicas y Salud Pública, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, España.
Departamento de Especialidades Médicas y Salud Pública, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, España; Centro de Salud General Ricardos, Centro de Atención Primaria, Madrid, España; Unidad de Investigación, Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria Madrid, Madrid, España; Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC).
出版信息
Aten Primaria. 2021 Aug-Sep;53(7):102064. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2021.102064. Epub 2021 Apr 24.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to describe self-perceived health (SPH) in Spanish and Portuguese population aged between 65 and 74years old and to analyze other associated factors measured in the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) in 2014.
DESIGN
Retrospective secondary data analysis from EHIS 2014.
SETTING
Community based.
PARTICIPANTS
Young seniors, people aged 65-74years old surveyed and with available data from two countries.
MAIN MEASUREMENTS
For each country and sex, SPH, sociodemographic variables, clinical chronic conditions, lifestyles and utilization of health care resources were described. A multiple logistic regression (very good or good SPH versus remaining levels) with robust estimators was used to assess the country effect adjusted by sociodemographic factors, clinical factors and/or lifestyles.
RESULTS
Good SPH showed variation by country (52.9% Spain vs. 19% Portugal; P<.001) and gender (44% men vs. 31.3% women; P<.001). Both countries had high prevalence of multimorbidity (64.7% Spain vs. 76.3% Portugal; P<.001) and the distribution of chronic diseases was similar with the only exception of depression (13.2% Spain vs. 20.3% Portugal; P<.001). Regarding individual factors related with good SPH we found Spanish nationality (OR: 4.52; 95%CI: 4.05-5.04), male gender (OR: 1.10; 95%CI: 1.101-2.21), education level, completing primary school (OR: 1.28; 95%CI: 1.24-1.31) or achieving tertiary level (OR: 2.43; 95%CI: 1.14-5.17) and physical activity of two or more days per week (OR: 1.87; 95%CI: 1.39-2.5). Factors with a negative impact on SPH were multimorbidity (OR: 0.19; 95%CI: 0.12-0.31) and depression (OR: 0.32; 95%CI: 0.25-0.41).
DISCUSSION
Good SPH is higher in Spanish young seniors compared to Portuguese. Having higher level of education achieved and practicing regular physical exercise were two most important factors increasing good SPH.
目的
本研究旨在描述65至74岁西班牙和葡萄牙人群的自我认知健康状况（SPH），并分析2014年欧洲健康访谈调查（EHIS）中测量的其他相关因素。
设计
对2014年EHIS进行回顾性二次数据分析。
设置
基于社区。
参与者
年轻老年人，即年龄在65 - 74岁之间且来自两个国家并具有可用数据的受访者。
主要测量指标
针对每个国家和性别，描述了自我认知健康状况、社会人口统计学变量、临床慢性病、生活方式以及医疗资源利用情况。使用带有稳健估计量的多元逻辑回归（非常好或良好的自我认知健康状况与其他水平相比）来评估经社会人口统计学因素、临床因素和/或生活方式调整后的国家效应。
结果
良好的自我认知健康状况在不同国家存在差异（西班牙为52.9%，葡萄牙为19%；P <.001），在不同性别间也有差异（男性为44%，女性为31.3%；P <.001）。两国的多重疾病患病率都很高（西班牙为64.7%，葡萄牙为76.3%；P <.001），除抑郁症外慢性病的分布相似（西班牙为13.2%，葡萄牙为20.3%；P <.001）。关于与良好自我认知健康状况相关的个体因素，我们发现西班牙国籍（比值比：4.52；95%置信区间：4.05 - 5.04）、男性性别（比值比：1.10；95%置信区间：1.101 - 2.21）、完成小学教育（比值比：1.28；95%置信区间：1.24 - 1.31）或达到高等教育水平（比值比：2.43；95%置信区间：1.14 - 5.17）以及每周进行两天或更多天的体育活动（比值比：1.87；95%置信区间：1.39 - 2.5）。对自我认知健康状况有负面影响的因素是多重疾病（比值比：0.19；95%置信区间：0.12 - 0.31）和抑郁症（比值比：0.32；95%置信区间：0.25 - 0.41）。
讨论
与葡萄牙年轻老年人相比，西班牙年轻老年人的良好自我认知健康状况更高。获得更高的教育水平和进行定期体育锻炼是提高良好自我认知健康状况的两个最重要因素。
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