Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute of 2650Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
Hum Exp Toxicol. 2021 Nov;40(11):1807-1816. doi: 10.1177/09603271211013431. Epub 2021 Apr 28.
Benzodiazepines, often used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and other conditions, are prescribed more frequently to women than men, and emergency department visits and overdose deaths involving benzodiazepines have increased significantly among women in recent years. This study describes characteristics and trends associated with benzodiazepine exposures among women of reproductive age (15-49 years old) that were reported to United States poison control centers from 2004 through 2018. The National Poison Data System recorded 258,370 first-ranked benzodiazepine exposures among women 15-49 years old during the study period. More than one-half (56.9%) of exposures involved a single-substance and one-third (34.0%) occurred among women 20-29 years old. The majority were categorized as "intentional, suspected suicide" (73.2%) or "intentional" (12.9%). Exposures frequently resulted in admission to a psychiatric facility (20.6%), critical care unit (18.1%), or non-critical care unit (9.3%). Twenty percent of cases resulted in a serious medical outcome, including 205 deaths. The substantial percentage of benzodiazepine exposures among women of reproductive age that were intentional and associated with suicide attempts or suicide deaths indicate that increased prevention efforts are needed to address this issue.
苯二氮䓬类药物常用于治疗焦虑、失眠和其他疾病，开给女性的频率高于男性，近年来，涉及苯二氮䓬类药物的急诊就诊和过量死亡人数在女性中显著增加。本研究描述了 2004 年至 2018 年期间向美国毒物控制中心报告的 15-49 岁育龄妇女苯二氮䓬类药物暴露的特征和趋势。在研究期间，国家毒物数据系统记录了 258370 例 15-49 岁育龄妇女的苯二氮䓬类药物一级暴露。超过一半（56.9%）的暴露涉及单一物质，三分之一（34.0%）发生在 20-29 岁的女性中。大多数被归类为“故意、疑似自杀”（73.2%）或“故意”（12.9%）。暴露经常导致被送进精神病院（20.6%）、重症监护病房（18.1%）或非重症监护病房（9.3%）。20%的病例导致严重的医疗后果，包括 205 例死亡。育龄妇女中相当大比例的苯二氮䓬类药物暴露是故意的，并与自杀企图或自杀死亡有关，这表明需要加强预防工作来解决这个问题。
