Pereira Marcos Leandro, de Vasconcelos Thiago Henrique Ferreira, de Oliveira Amanda Aparecida Rocha, Campagnolo Sarah Bárbara, Figueiredo Sarah de Oliveira, Guimarães Ana Flávia Bereta Coelho, Barbosa Maira Tonidandel, de Miranda Luís Felipe José Ravic, Caramelli Paulo, de Souza Leonardo Cruz
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil.
Curso de Medicina, Centro Universitário de Patos de Minas - Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil.
Dement Neuropsychol. 2021 Jan-Mar;15(1):88-97. doi: 10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-010009.
There are different causes of memory complaints in the elderly, such as subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.
We consecutively included individuals aged ≥50 years, with memory complaints (spontaneous or inquired). Subjects who scored ≥25 on the Memory Complaint Questionnaire or who had spontaneous memory complaints were selected. Participants underwent a semi-structured interview, the Mini-Mental State Examination, Figure Memory Test for visual episodic memory, Clock Drawing Test, Category Fluency (Animals), Neuropsychiatric Inventory, and functional assessment. Individuals were classified as SCD, MCI or dementia. We did not include individuals with previous diagnosis of dementia.
The final sample consisted of 91 subjects (73.6% women; mean age 67.6±9.8 years): 14.3% had spontaneous complaints and 85.7% had inquired complaints. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (69.2%), diabetes (36.3%), and dyslipidemia (24.2%). Low levels of vitamin B12 and hypothyroidism were found in 26.4 and 16.5%, respectively. Regarding cognitive diagnosis, 16.5% of the sample were classified as SCD, 49.4% as MCI and 34.1% as dementia. MCI and dementia were identified in five (38.5%) and seven (53.4%) patients with spontaneous complaint, respectively.
MCI and dementia are frequently underdiagnosed. Potential reversible causes of cognitive decline are common. The diagnosis of dementia is highly frequent among individuals with spontaneous memory complaints.
老年人记忆问题存在不同病因，如主观认知衰退（SCD）、轻度认知障碍（MCI）或痴呆症。
1）通过临床、认知和功能评估，对巴西一个中等规模城市中存在记忆问题的个体进行特征描述；2）在临床和认知变量方面，将SCD个体与MCI及痴呆症患者进行比较。
我们连续纳入年龄≥50岁、有记忆问题（自发或询问得知）的个体。选择在记忆问题问卷中得分≥25分或有自发记忆问题的受试者。参与者接受了半结构化访谈、简易精神状态检查表、用于视觉情景记忆的图形记忆测试、画钟测试、动物类别流畅性测试、神经精神科问卷及功能评估。个体被分类为SCD、MCI或痴呆症。我们未纳入先前已诊断为痴呆症的个体。
最终样本包括91名受试者（73.6%为女性；平均年龄67.6±9.8岁）：14.3%有自发记忆问题，85.7%有询问得知的记忆问题。最常见的合并症为高血压（69.2%）、糖尿病（36.3%）和血脂异常（24.2%）。分别有26.4%和16.5%的受试者维生素B12水平低和甲状腺功能减退。关于认知诊断，16.5%的样本被分类为SCD，49.4%为MCI，34.1%为痴呆症。分别有5名（38.5%）有自发记忆问题的患者被诊断为MCI，7名（53.4%）被诊断为痴呆症。
MCI和痴呆症经常被漏诊。认知衰退潜在的可逆转病因很常见。在有自发记忆问题的个体中，痴呆症的诊断很常见。
