Schulte P A
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control, Cincinnati, OH.
Cancer Detect Prev. 1988;11(3-6):379-88.
The etiology of bladder cancer with regard to environmental factors is well known, but little attention has been focused on the role of genetic factors. The international variation in bladder cancer rates leaves open the question of whether this can be accounted for solely as the result of the differential distribution of environmental factors. In this review, the diverse literature on the potential role of genetic factors in bladder cancer is summarized in four categories: 1) familial aggregation, 2) genetic polymorphisms, 3) the N-acetyltransferase phenotype, and 4) activated oncogenes and chromosomal changes. The role of genetic factors has not been conclusively ascertained, but it appears that two different patterns of genetic involvement can be identified: a Mendelian pattern of autosomal dominant inheritance that accounts for a very small number of cases, and a multifactorial, probably polygenic, pattern involving genetic and environmental interaction. More research is needed to corroborate these findings and assess their significance.
膀胱癌的病因与环境因素有关，这一点众所周知，但遗传因素的作用却很少受到关注。膀胱癌发病率的国际差异使得人们对其是否仅可归因于环境因素的差异分布产生了疑问。在这篇综述中，关于遗传因素在膀胱癌中潜在作用的各种文献被归纳为四类：1）家族聚集性；2）基因多态性；3）N - 乙酰转移酶表型；4）激活的癌基因和染色体变化。遗传因素的作用尚未得到最终确定，但似乎可以识别出两种不同的遗传参与模式：一种孟德尔式的常染色体显性遗传模式，这种模式导致的病例数量极少；另一种是多因素的、可能是多基因的模式，涉及遗传和环境的相互作用。需要更多的研究来证实这些发现并评估其意义。
