Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2021 Mar-Apr;36(2):322-326. doi: 10.11607/jomi.8804.
Short implants are used in clinical conditions of insufficient vertical bone availability. This study aimed to compare the primary stability of short implants with different macrodesigns placed in different bone densities in vitro.
One hundred twenty short (6-mm) implants (20/group) were placed at the bone level in commercially available polyurethane blocks representing type I and IV bone quality. The groups were as follows: test A group (4.6-mm diameter with tapered body), test B group (4.8-mm diameter/cylindric microthreaded neck), and test C group (4.8-mm diameter, cylindric body with polished collar, three threads at the intraosseous portion). Implant primary stability was assessed using insertion torque and implant stability quotient (ISQ) values. A blinded calibrated clinician recorded all measurements. Statistical comparisons were completed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni posttests.
The insertion torque values (mean ± SD) for groups A, B, and C in type I bone were 52.50 ± 5.25, 49.00 ± 5.98, and 46.25 ± 3.93, and in type IV bone, the values were 14.00 ± 2.05, 15.50 ± 2.76, and 9.75 ± 1.11, respectively. Also, the ISQ values were 67.25 ± 2.760, 69.25 ± 1.67, and 61.80 ± 5.68 (type I bone); and 53.27 ± 1.99, 60.65 ± 2.11, and 51.97 ± 4.51 (type IV bone), respectively. The comparison showed statistical differences in ISQ (Bonferroni adjusted P < .0001) for the A and B groups but also for the A and C groups (type I bone), in soft bone between the A and B groups and between the B and C groups, and also for the insertion torque values for the A and C groups and between the B and C groups in type IV bone.
Short implant macrogeometry defines primary stability. Short implants with 6-mm length and multiple threads can achieve good primary stability in vitro in type I and IV artificial bone.
短种植体用于临床垂直骨量不足的情况。本研究旨在比较不同宏观设计的短种植体在不同骨密度下的初始稳定性。
将 120 个（每组 20 个）短（6 毫米）种植体植入商业上可获得的聚氨酯块的骨水平，这些块代表 I 型和 IV 型骨质量。组如下：试验 A 组（4.6 毫米直径，锥形体）、试验 B 组（4.8 毫米直径/圆柱形微螺纹颈部）和试验 C 组（4.8 毫米直径，圆柱形体，抛光领圈，骨内部分有三个螺纹）。使用插入扭矩和种植体稳定性指数（ISQ）值评估种植体的初始稳定性。一位经过校准的盲临床医生记录了所有测量值。使用单向方差分析（ANOVA）和 Bonferroni 后检验完成统计比较。
在 I 型骨中，A、B 和 C 组的插入扭矩值（均值 ± SD）分别为 52.50 ± 5.25、49.00 ± 5.98 和 46.25 ± 3.93，在 IV 型骨中，分别为 14.00 ± 2.05、15.50 ± 2.76 和 9.75 ± 1.11。ISQ 值分别为 67.25 ± 2.760、69.25 ± 1.67 和 61.80 ± 5.68（I 型骨）；53.27 ± 1.99、60.65 ± 2.11 和 51.97 ± 4.51（IV 型骨）。比较表明，在 ISQ 方面存在统计学差异（Bonferroni 调整后 P <.0001），A 和 B 组之间以及 A 和 C 组之间存在差异（I 型骨），在软骨中，A 和 B 组之间以及 B 和 C 组之间存在差异，在 IV 型骨中，A 和 C 组之间以及 B 和 C 组之间的插入扭矩值也存在差异。
短种植体的宏观几何形状决定了初始稳定性。6 毫米长和多螺纹的短种植体可以在 I 型和 IV 型人工骨中获得良好的初始稳定性。
