Elbehiry Ayman, Marzouk Eman, Moussa Ihab M, Alenzi Afrah, Al-Maary Khalid S, Mubarak Ayman S, Alshammari Hanan D, Al-Sarar Dalia, Alsubki Roua A, Hemeg Hassan A, Kabli Saleh A, Attala Osama A
Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Bukairiyah, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021 Apr;28(4):2091-2097. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.018. Epub 2021 Jan 20.
Raw milk is one of the most important vehicles for transmitting various pathogens, especially (). Multidrug-resistant pathogens are highly prevalent among mastitic cows in various dairy farms worldwide. Therefore, our current study is based on the identification of from mastitic cow's milk and their resistance to various antibacterial agents. As well, the impact of camel's urine on multi-drug resistant were also evaluated. Thirty-three isolates were recovered from 254 milk samples. All strains were initially identified phenotypically by culturing on specific media and Vitek 2 Compact System. The protein fingerprinting technique was used as a confirmatory method. The , and genes were also verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The antimicrobial resistance of strains was tested by the Vitek 2 AST-GN69 cards. Thirty multi-drug resistant strains (20 from mastitic milk and 10 from clinical samples) were laboratory tested with different concentrations (100%, 75%, 50% and 25%) of virgin and breeding camel's urine, using the paper disc diffusion method. Our findings showed that 93.94% of strains were recognized by the Vitek™ 2 system. The results of proteomic investigation illustrated that 100% of strains were identified at log values ≥2.00. The genotypic identification of the three virulence genes illustrated that 90.1%, 63.64%, and 30.55% of strains were able to carry the , and genes, respectively. Most strains of showed strong resistance against cefazolin (78.79%), ceftazidime (66.67%), cefotaxime (60.61%), ceftriaxone (54.55%), and cefepime (39.40%). The results of the antibacterial effect of camel's urine revealed that the mean inhibitory zones of virgin camel's urine were 28 mm, 17 mm, and 14 mm, for the concentrations of 100%, 75%, and 50%, respectively. Whereas; the inhibitory zones for the breeding camel's urine were 18 mm, 0 mm, and 0 mm, for the concentrations of 100%, 75%, and 50%, respectively. We concluded that the majority of strains were able to harbor some virulence genes and resist many antibiotics. Our study also provided a robust evidence that the camel's urine, particularly from the virgin camels has robust antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant strains.
生牛奶是传播各种病原体的最重要媒介之一，尤其是（）。耐多药病原体在全球各奶牛场的患乳房炎奶牛中高度流行。因此，我们当前的研究基于对患乳房炎奶牛乳汁中（病原体）的鉴定及其对各种抗菌剂的耐药性。此外，还评估了骆驼尿液对耐多药（病原体）的影响。从254份牛奶样本中分离出33株（病原体）菌株。所有菌株最初通过在特定培养基上培养和Vitek 2 Compact系统进行表型鉴定。蛋白质指纹技术用作确证方法。还通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）验证了（相关）基因。使用Vitek 2 AST - GN69卡测试（病原体）菌株的抗菌耐药性。使用纸片扩散法，对30株耐多药（病原体）菌株（20株来自患乳房炎乳汁，10株来自临床样本）进行不同浓度（100%、75%、50%和25%）的未生育和已生育骆驼尿液的实验室测试。我们的研究结果表明，93.94%的（病原体）菌株可被Vitek™ 2系统识别。蛋白质组学研究结果表明，100%的（病原体）菌株在对数数值≥2.00时被鉴定出来。三种毒力基因的基因型鉴定表明，分别有90.1%、63.64%和30.55%的（病原体）菌株能够携带（相关）基因。大多数（病原体）菌株对头孢唑林（78.79%）、头孢他啶（66.67%）、头孢噻肟（60.61%）、头孢曲松（54.55%）和头孢吡肟（39.40%）表现出较强耐药性。骆驼尿液抗菌作用的结果表明，未生育骆驼尿液在浓度为100%、75%和50%时的平均抑菌圈分别为28毫米、17毫米和14毫米。而对于已生育骆驼尿液，在浓度为100%、75%和50%时的抑菌圈分别为18毫米、0毫米和0毫米。我们得出结论，大多数（病原体）菌株能够携带一些毒力基因并对多种抗生素耐药。我们的研究还提供了有力证据，表明骆驼尿液，尤其是未生育骆驼的尿液，对耐多药（病原体）菌株具有强大的抗菌活性。
