Detection and drug resistance profile of from subclinical mastitis cows and water supply in dairy farms in Saraburi Province, Thailand.

Subclinical mastitis is a persistent problem in dairy farms worldwide. Environmental is the bacterium predominantly responsible for this condition. In Thailand, subclinical mastitis in dairy cows is usually treated with various antibiotics, which could lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria. is also a reservoir of many antibiotic resistance genes, which can be conveyed to other bacteria. In this study, the presence of in milk and water samples was reported, among which enteropathogenic was predominant, followed by enteroaggregative and enterohemorrhagic , which was found only in milk samples. Twenty-one patterns of antibiotic resistance were identified in this study. Ampicillin- and carbenicillin-resistant was the most common among the bacterial isolates from water samples. Meanwhile, resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was the pattern found most commonly in the from milk samples. Notably, only the from water samples possessed ESBL phenotype and carried antibiotic resistance genes, and . This indicates that pathogenic in dairy farms is also exposed to antibiotics and could potentially transfer these genes to other pathogenic bacteria under certain conditions.