National Institute of Epidemiology, Division of Non Communicable Diseases, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077, India.
Department of Epidemiology, Global Institute of Public Health, Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute, Chacka, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695024, India.
J Public Health (Oxf). 2022 Aug 25;44(3):625-633. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab119.
Mosquito coil smoke, along with biomass fuel smoke, are sources of indoor air pollution. Biomass fuel smoke has been studied as a risk factor for poor respiratory outcomes. However, in an Indian context, few studies examine the effect of mosquito coil exposure on poor respiratory outcomes at the community level.
To estimate the prevalence of the biomass fuel and mosquito coil use and to determine the association between the use of bio-mass fuel and mosquito coil and poor respiratory health.
A cross-sectional survey of 4662 individuals (above the age of 30 years) was conducted using a pre-tested questionnaire. Trained interviewers collected data on current and past use of biomass fuels and mosquito coils, usage practices and respiratory health. We computed proportions for exposure variables namely biomass fuel, mosquito coil use and other covariates. We conducted univariate analysis, followed by multivariate logistic regression.
The prevalence of ever use of biomass fuels was high (wood: 97.9%; cow dung cake: 76.0% and crop residue: 54.4%). Current use of wood, cow dung cake and crop residue was prevalent among 75.7, 24.3 and 30.9% respondents, respectively. Almost 70% of respondents had ever used mosquito coils, whereas 54% were current users. Overall, 5.5% respondents had poor respiratory health either due to chronic bronchitis or asthma. In multivariate analysis, use of combination of all three biomass fuel types (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-2.54) and use of mosquito coil more than or equal to 5 days per week (AOR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.04-1.99) were associated with poor respiratory health after adjusting for covariates age, gender, smoking, kitchen type and for each other.
Use of biomass fuels and mosquito coils was high in the study population and was associated with poor respiratory health. Therefore, mosquito coil smoke should also be considered an important source of indoor air pollution, similar to biomass fuel exposure. Community education about these sources of indoor air pollution and increased coverage of cleaner fuels and alternative mosquito control methods should be the way forward in the rural areas.
蚊香烟雾与生物质燃料烟雾一样，都是室内空气污染的来源。生物质燃料烟雾已被研究为导致呼吸道不良后果的危险因素。然而，在印度背景下，很少有研究在社区层面上研究蚊香暴露对呼吸道不良后果的影响。
评估生物质燃料和蚊香的使用情况，并确定使用生物质燃料和蚊香与呼吸道健康不良之间的关联。
使用预测试问卷对 4662 名（30 岁以上）个体进行了横断面调查。经过培训的访谈者收集了当前和过去使用生物质燃料和蚊香、使用情况和呼吸道健康的数据。我们计算了暴露变量（即生物质燃料、蚊香使用和其他协变量）的比例。我们进行了单变量分析，然后进行了多变量逻辑回归。
生物质燃料的使用情况普遍较高（木柴：97.9%；牛粪饼：76.0%；农作物残渣：54.4%）。目前有 75.7%、24.3%和 30.9%的受访者分别使用木柴、牛粪饼和农作物残渣。几乎 70%的受访者曾使用过蚊香，而 54%的受访者是当前用户。总体而言，5.5%的受访者因慢性支气管炎或哮喘而出现呼吸道健康不良。在多变量分析中，使用所有三种生物质燃料类型的组合（调整后的优势比 [AOR] 1.69，95%置信区间 [CI]：1.13-2.54）和每周使用蚊香超过或等于 5 天（AOR 1.43，95%CI：1.04-1.99），在调整了年龄、性别、吸烟、厨房类型和彼此之间的协变量后，与呼吸道健康不良相关。
在研究人群中，生物质燃料和蚊香的使用情况较高，与呼吸道健康不良有关。因此，蚊香烟雾也应被视为室内空气污染的一个重要来源，与生物质燃料暴露类似。应通过社区教育提高对这些室内空气污染来源的认识，并增加清洁燃料和替代蚊虫控制方法的覆盖范围，这是农村地区的前进方向。
