To evaluate the visual quality after phacoemulsification and implantation of a rotational asymmetric refractive intraocular lens in patients with high myopia and cataract. A retrospective cohort study. Sixty-two patients (92 eyes) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2017 to December 2019 were evaluated after phacoemulsification and implantation of a rotational asymmetric refractive intraocular lens (LS-313 MF30). According to the axial length, the participants were allocated to either a control group or a high myopia group. Among the 33 patients (46 eyes) in the control group, the axial length was shorter than 26 mm; among the 29 patients (46 eyes) in the high myopia group, the axial length was more than 26 mm. The high myopia group was further divided into two subgroups. The super high myopia subgroup included 12 patients (18 eyes), and the axial length was ≥30 mm; the high myopia subgroup consisted of 17 patients (28 eyes), and the axial length was<30 mm and ≥26 mm. Uncorrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected intermediate visual acuity and uncorrected near visual acuity were recorded after surgery. The follow-up time was more than 6 months. At the end of the follow-up, patients' contrast sensitivity (CS), reading acuity, reading speed and visual quality questionnaire results were assessed. The main statistical methods were two-way repeated measures analysis of variance, independent sample -test, one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test. There were no significant differences in gender distribution, age, or follow-up time between the control and high myopia groups, the control and high myopia subgroup, or the super high myopia subgroup (all >0.05). At the end of the follow-up, the uncorrected distance, intermediate and near visual acuity of the super high myopia subgroup was 0.07±0.11, 0.34±0.08 and 0.20±0.09, respectively. The difference in postoperative visual acuity was not statistically significant (all >0.05). The CS and CS with glare of the high myopia group (3 cpd: 1.48±0.18, 1.42±0.16; 6 cpd: 1.75±0.18, 1.76±0.15; 12 cpd: 1.44±0.24, 1.43±0.19; 18 cpd: 0.90±0.23, 0.85±0.20) were significantly different from the control group (3 cpd: 1.66±0.18, 1.62±0.16; 6 cpd: 1.88±0.14, 1.85±0.11; 12 cpd: 1.54±0.18, 1.53±0.14; 18 cpd: 1.06±0.18, 1.01±0.15) (<0.05), except at 12 cpd (=0.05). The CS and CS with glare of the super high myopia subgroup (3 cpd: 1.39±0.21, 1.31±0.13; 6 cpd: 1.66±0.16, 1.64±0.12; 12 cpd: 1.32±0.23, 1.31±0.18; 18 cpd: 0.75±0.16, 0.73±0.15) were worst (all <0.05). A significant difference between the high myopia subgroup and the control group was only found at 3 cpd (1.53±0.13 . 1.66±0.18, 1.50±0.13 . 1.62±0.16; both <0.05). The reading acuity and reading speed of the super high myopia subgroup were lower than the high myopia subgroup and the control group, while the differences were not statistically significant (all >0.05). The questionnaire survey showed that there was no significant difference in the proportion of glare and halo between the two subgroups and the control group (both >0.05). No patients reported dissatisfaction. The rate of glasses independents was 11/12 in the super high myopia subgroup, 15/17 in the high myopia subgroup and 31/33 in the control group, with no significant difference (>0.05). The rotational asymmetric refractive intraocular lens is suitable for patients with high myopia and cataract, and has good far and near vision after operation. However, it could result in relatively low CS for super high myopia patients, so rigorous preoperative examination must be done. .