Poškienė Indrė, Gruodytė Renata, Autukaitė Jurgita, Juozaitienė Vida, Antanaitis Ramūnas
Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės St. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Department of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės St. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Apr 1;11(4):995. doi: 10.3390/ani11040995.
Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI) has described equine endurance racing as the second largest discipline in the world, above which is only show jumping. The Žemaitukai is an ancient indigenous Lithuanian horse breed known since the 6th or 7th century. The Arabian horse breed is one of the oldest human-developed horse breeds in the world. Compared with other race horse breeds, the muscle tissue of Arabian horses is characterized by significant differences in structure-a predominance of oxidative fiber type I is observed in Arabians, making them the prevailing breed in endurance racing. The Arabian horses are recognized as the leading breed in endurance competitions. Speed, pace, and total time in the race strategy have been extensively studied in human sports, and in contrast, this strategy appears to have been virtually ignored in equestrian sport, despite the potential for contributing to performance optimization. In relation to speed and total time in the race, there are limited data on postrace physical, biochemical, and blood gas parameters of endurance horses. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of speed on the blood parameters of the Arabian and Žemaitukai horses during an endurance race. Blood samples were taken before and immediately after the exercise. Biochemical and blood gas indicators were analyzed. The study showed significant increases in mean blood gasometrical indicators, such as partial carbon dioxide pressure (8.09-15.18%, < 0.001); base excess in the extracellular fluid (14.01%, < 0.001 in the Arabian horses and 172.01% in the Žemaitukai breed, = 0.006); decreases of the blood electrolyte ionized calcium (4.38-8.72%, < 0.001) and the hematocrit and hemoglobin values (20.05-20.12%, < 0.001 in the Arabian horses and 6.22-6.23% in the Žemaitukai breed, = 0.003-0.004); and decreases in the base excess in the blood values (29.24-39.38%, < 0.001) and lactate (13.45-31.97%, < 0.001) in the blood of both breeds in the post-competition horses. Significant increases after competition were determined for the values of creatinine (21.34-30.82%, = 0.001-0.004), total bilirubin (50.84-56.24%, PH < 0.001), and albumin (2.63-4.48%, = 0.048-0.001) for both breeds. For the faster Arabian horse breed, recovering after racing took half the time that the local Žemaitukai breed did.
国际马术联合会（FEI）将耐力赛描述为世界第二大马术项目，仅次于场地障碍赛。泽迈图凯马是立陶宛古老的本土马种，自6世纪或7世纪以来便为人所知。阿拉伯马是世界上最古老的人工培育马种之一。与其他赛马品种相比，阿拉伯马的肌肉组织在结构上存在显著差异——在阿拉伯马中观察到氧化型I型纤维占主导，这使其成为耐力赛中的优势品种。阿拉伯马被公认为耐力赛中的领先品种。在人类体育中，比赛策略中的速度、步幅和总时长已得到广泛研究，相比之下，尽管马术运动中的比赛策略对优化成绩有潜在作用，但似乎几乎被忽视了。关于比赛中的速度和总时长，耐力赛马赛后身体、生化和血气参数的数据有限。因此，本研究旨在调查速度对阿拉伯马和泽迈图凯马在耐力赛期间血液参数的影响。在运动前和运动后立即采集血样。分析生化和血气指标。研究表明，比赛后马匹平均血气指标显著升高，如二氧化碳分压（8.09 - 15.18%，P < 0.001）；细胞外液碱剩余（阿拉伯马为14.01%，P < 0.001，泽迈图凯马为172.01%，P = 0.006）；血液电解质离子钙降低（4.38 - 8.72% P < 0.001），血细胞比容和血红蛋白值降低（阿拉伯马为20.05 - 20.12%，P < 0.001，泽迈图凯马为6.22 - 6.23%，P = 0.003 - 0.004）；两个品种赛后马匹血液中的碱剩余值降低（29.24 - 39.38%，P < 0.001）和乳酸降低（13.45 - 至31.97%，P < 0.001）。两个品种的肌酐值（21.34 - 30.82%，P = 0.001 - 0.004）、总胆红素（50.84 - 56.24%，P < 0.001）和白蛋白（2.63 - 4.48%，P = 0.048 - 0.001）在比赛后显著升高。对于速度更快的阿拉伯马品种，赛后恢复时间是当地泽迈图凯马品种的一半。
