Nursing Department, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China.
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 1;18(7):3701. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18073701.
The relationships between maternal dietary patterns and blood lipid profile during pregnancy have not been well understood. We aimed to analyze the dietary patterns of pregnant women and their associations with blood lipid concentrations during pregnancy. A cohort of 1008 Chinese pregnant women were followed from 10-15 weeks of gestation to delivery. Their dietary patterns were identified using a principal component analysis. The relationships between dietary pattern score and maternal blood lipid concentrations were assessed using both multivariate linear regression models and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models. Five different dietary patterns were identified. GEE showed that a high score for the fish-shrimps pattern was associated with higher concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) (β = 0.11), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (β = 0.07), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (β = 0.03), with all values < 0.001. In contrast, a high tubers-fruit-vegetables pattern score was associated with lower concentrations of TC (β = -0.12), LDL-C (β = -0.07), and HDL-C (β = -0.03), with all values < 0.001. In addition, dietary protein, carbohydrate, and cholesterol intake significantly contributed to the associations between the fish-shrimps dietary pattern and blood lipid concentrations. Predominant seafood consumption is associated with higher cholesterol concentrations, whereas predominant tuber, fruit, and vegetable consumptions are associated with lower cholesterol concentrations during pregnancy.
孕妇的饮食模式与孕期血脂谱之间的关系尚未得到充分理解。本研究旨在分析孕妇的饮食模式及其与孕期血脂浓度的关系。本研究对 1008 名中国孕妇进行了队列研究，从妊娠 10-15 周开始随访至分娩。采用主成分分析法确定孕妇的饮食模式。采用多元线性回归模型和广义估计方程（GEE）模型评估饮食模式评分与孕妇血脂浓度之间的关系。确定了 5 种不同的饮食模式。GEE 结果显示，高鱼虾模式评分与总胆固醇（TC）（β=0.11）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）（β=0.07）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）（β=0.03）浓度升高有关，所有 值均<0.001。相反，高根茎类-水果-蔬菜模式评分与 TC（β=-0.12）、LDL-C（β=-0.07）和 HDL-C（β=-0.03）浓度降低有关，所有 值均<0.001。此外，饮食中的蛋白质、碳水化合物和胆固醇摄入量显著影响鱼虾饮食模式与血脂浓度之间的关系。大量摄入海鲜与胆固醇浓度升高有关，而大量摄入根茎类、水果和蔬菜与孕期胆固醇浓度降低有关。
