Reis Ana, Rocha Sara, de Freitas Victor
REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
J Clin Med. 2021 Apr 3;10(7):1490. doi: 10.3390/jcm10071490.
During the 20th century processed and ready-to-eat foods became routinely consumed resulting in a sharp rise of fat, salt, and sugar intake in people's diets. Currently, the global incidence of obesity, raised blood lipids, hypertension, and diabetes in an increasingly aged population contributes to the rise of atherothrombotic events and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mortality. Drug-based therapies are valuable strategies to tackle and help manage the socio-economic impact of atherothrombotic disorders though not without adverse side effects. The inclusion of fresh fruits and vegetables rich in flavonoids to human diets, as recommended by WHO offers a valuable nutritional strategy, alternative to drug-based therapies, to be explored in the prevention and management of atherothrombotic diseases at early stages. Though polyphenols are mostly associated to color and taste in foods, food flavonoids are emerging as modulators of cholesterol biosynthesis, appetite and food intake, blood pressure, platelet function, clot formation, and anti-inflammatory signaling, supporting the health-promoting effects of polyphenol-rich diets in mitigating the impact of risk factors in atherothrombotic disorders and CVD events. Here we overview the current knowledge on the effect of polyphenols particularly of flavonoid intake on the atherothrombotic risk factors and discuss the caveats and challenges involved with current experimental cell-based designs.
在20世纪，加工食品和即食食品开始成为日常消费食品，导致人们饮食中脂肪、盐和糖的摄入量急剧上升。目前，在日益老龄化的人口中，肥胖、血脂升高、高血压和糖尿病的全球发病率导致动脉粥样硬化血栓形成事件和心血管疾病（CVD）死亡率上升。基于药物的疗法是应对并帮助管理动脉粥样硬化血栓形成疾病社会经济影响的重要策略，尽管并非没有不良副作用。世界卫生组织建议在人类饮食中加入富含黄酮类化合物的新鲜水果和蔬菜，这为在动脉粥样硬化血栓形成疾病的早期预防和管理中探索一种有价值的营养策略（替代基于药物的疗法）提供了思路。尽管多酚大多与食物的颜色和味道有关，但食物中的黄酮类化合物正逐渐成为胆固醇生物合成、食欲和食物摄入、血压、血小板功能、血栓形成以及抗炎信号的调节剂，这支持了富含多酚的饮食在减轻动脉粥样硬化血栓形成疾病和心血管疾病事件中风险因素影响方面的健康促进作用。在此，我们概述了当前关于多酚（特别是黄酮类化合物摄入）对动脉粥样硬化血栓形成风险因素影响的知识，并讨论了当前基于细胞的实验设计所涉及的注意事项和挑战。
