Frinchi Monica, Morici Giuseppe, Mudó Giuseppa, Bonsignore Maria R, Di Liberto Valentina
Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Apr 3;10(4):558. doi: 10.3390/antiox10040558.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive progressive lethal disorder caused by the lack of dystrophin, which determines myofibers mechanical instability, oxidative stress, inflammation, and susceptibility to contraction-induced injuries. Unfortunately, at present, there is no efficient therapy for DMD. Beyond several promising gene- and stem cells-based strategies under investigation, physical activity may represent a valid noninvasive therapeutic approach to slow down the progression of the pathology. However, ethical issues, the limited number of studies in humans and the lack of consistency of the investigated training interventions generate loss of consensus regarding their efficacy, leaving exercise prescription still questionable. By an accurate analysis of data about the effects of different protocol of exercise on muscles of mice, the most widely-used pre-clinical model for DMD research, we found that low intensity exercise, especially in the form of low speed treadmill running, likely represents the most suitable exercise modality associated to beneficial effects on muscle. This protocol of training reduces muscle oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis process, and enhances muscle functionality, muscle regeneration, and hypertrophy. These conclusions can guide the design of appropriate studies on human, thereby providing new insights to translational therapeutic application of exercise to DMD patients.
杜兴氏肌肉营养不良症（DMD）是一种X连锁隐性进行性致死性疾病，由肌营养不良蛋白缺乏引起，肌营养不良蛋白决定了肌纤维的机械稳定性、氧化应激、炎症以及对收缩诱导损伤的易感性。不幸的是，目前尚无针对DMD的有效治疗方法。除了正在研究的几种有前景的基于基因和干细胞的策略外，体育活动可能是一种有效的非侵入性治疗方法，可减缓疾病进展。然而，伦理问题、人体研究数量有限以及所研究的训练干预措施缺乏一致性，导致人们对其疗效失去共识，运动处方仍然存在疑问。通过准确分析关于不同运动方案对DMD研究中最广泛使用的临床前模型小鼠肌肉影响的数据，我们发现低强度运动，尤其是低速跑步机跑步形式，可能是对肌肉产生有益影响的最合适运动方式。这种训练方案可降低肌肉氧化应激、炎症和纤维化过程，并增强肌肉功能、肌肉再生和肥大。这些结论可为人体相关研究的设计提供指导，从而为运动在DMD患者中的转化治疗应用提供新的见解。
