小细胞肺癌：分子与遗传格局的最新进展及新视角

Denninghoff Valeria, Russo Alessandro, de Miguel-Pérez Diego, Malapelle Umberto, Benyounes Amin, Gittens Allison, Cardona Andres Felipe, Rolfo Christian

National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1122AAH, Argentina.

Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

Cancers (Basel). 2021 Apr 6;13(7):1723. doi: 10.3390/cancers13071723.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly proliferative lung cancer that is not amenable to surgery in most cases due to the high metastatic potential. Precision medicine has not yet improved patients' survival due to the lack of actionable mutations. Intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity allow the neoplasms to adapt to various microenvironments and treatments. Further studying this heterogeneous cancer might yield the discovery of actionable mutations. First-line SCLC treatment has added immunotherapy to its armamentarium. There has been renewed interest in SCLC, and numerous clinical trials are underway with novel therapeutic approaches. Understanding the molecular and genetic landscape of this heterogeneous and lethal disease will pave the way for novel drug development.

小细胞肺癌（SCLC）是一种增殖性很强的肺癌，由于其高转移潜能，大多数情况下不适合手术治疗。由于缺乏可操作的突变，精准医学尚未改善患者的生存率。肿瘤内和肿瘤间的异质性使肿瘤能够适应各种微环境和治疗。进一步研究这种异质性癌症可能会发现可操作的突变。一线SCLC治疗已将免疫疗法纳入其治疗手段。人们对SCLC重新产生了兴趣，并且正在进行许多采用新型治疗方法的临床试验。了解这种异质性致命疾病的分子和基因格局将为新型药物开发铺平道路。